Blue dye (indigo) from Indigofera tinctoria leaves is a popular natural used worldwide. The lower light fastness of indigo dyes compared to that synthetic blue one the drawbacks former, limiting its utiliz

Indigo di- and monoimines can be protonated to form stable salts in which the central C=C bond has isomerized from a trans to cis configuration. Deprotonation of these salts regenerates the neutral trans species. The protonation chemistry of indigo is also explored.

This paper describes the move decision strategy of Indigo. By using the example of Indigo, the paper shows that the move decision process of a Go program can be very different from the processes used in other games with lower complexity than the complexity of Go, even if the basic modules are conventional (move generator, evaluation function and tree search). Indigo uses them in a specific way,...

The development of bicistronic systems for coexpression of recombinant human cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) with their redox partner, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (NPR), has enabled P450 activity to be reconstituted within bacterial cells. During expression of recombinant P450 2E1 and some other forms, we observed the formation of a blue pigment in bacterial cultures. The pigment was extrac...

BACKGROUND Identifying a precise demarcation line (DL) is indispensable for pathological complete en bloc endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer (EGC). We evaluated the useful condition of chromoendoscopy with indigo carmine and acetic acid for marking dots around lesions before ESD for EGC. METHODS We examined 98 consecutive patients with 109 intramucosal EGCs (mean ...

Intradermal injections of indigo carmine for sentinel node mapping are considered safe and no report of an adverse reaction has been published. The authors described two cases of profound hypotension in women that underwent breast-conserving surgery after an intradermal injection of indigo carmine into the periareolar area for sentinel node mapping.

Double-balloon endoscopy facilitates endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with a Roux-en-Y anastomosis [1]. However, it is difficult to identify the afferent limb during double-balloon ERCP [2]. According to retrospective data from February 2007 to January 2009, the rate of accurate identification was 50% (14/28). We report a useful technique to identify the afferen...

fold increased risk of developing enterop− athy−associated T−cell lymphoma com− pared with the general population [1]. Early diagnosis is therefore required to improve their prospects. Indigo carmine chromoendoscopy highlights mucosal ir− regularities and improves the detection of malignant lesions [2]. Furthermore, it can delineate villous atrophy in celiac dis− ease [3]. This method is common...