The context of first drug injection and its association with ongoing injecting practices and HCV (hepatitis C virus) infection were investigated. Injection drug users (IDUs) (N = 606) were recruited in "drug scenes" (public places, bars) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, interviewed, and tested for HCV. Sharing of needles/syringes was more prevalent at the first injection (51.3%) than at the baseline ...

Carbon dioxide emissions from heavy-duty vehicles can be reduced by converting, or retrofitting, conventional diesel engines into “dual fuel” mode operation using hydrogen and fuel. Conversion involve small relatively cheap changes to design, thereby allowing a engine fuelled either conventionally, fuel (direct injection), in conjunction with (indirect injection – “fumigation”) the intake manif...

Intravitreal (IVT) injections are the current method for retinal drug delivery and have been widely used in humans, although it is well known that IVT often cause an increase intraocular pressure (IOP) closely relates to injection volume. Because of anatomical physiological similarities monkey human eye, cynomolgus monkeys preclinical studies on new treatments using large molecules or gene ther...

Acetylsalicylic acid (AcSA), or aspirin, was introduced in the late 1890s and has been used to treat a variety of inflammatory conditions. The aim of this work was to suggest electrochemical sensor for acetylsalicylic detection. Primarily, we utilized square wave voltammetry (SWV) using both carbon paste electrode (CPE) and of graphite pencil electrode (GPE) as working ones to indirect determin...

BACKGROUND Intralesional injection of corticosteroids is an effective treatment for tumors of the head and neck. Complications are rare but include permanent loss of vision. We designed a study to investigate the mechanism for this complication. METHODS Three fellowship-trained pediatric ophthalmologists participated in the study in a nonmasked fashion. Four patients received 5 separate treat...

Much indirect evidence supports the assumption that tritiated thymidine does not label cells which enter the deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis phase (S) more than 1 h after injection. Direct evidence confirming this assumption was obtained by counting labelled epithelial nuclei in mice killed i, 4 or 6 h after a single intraperitoneal injection of [H]thymidine; colchicine was used to prevent the ...