We present a pumping lemma for the class of collapsible pushdown graphs of level 2. This pumping lemma even applies to the ε-contractions of level 2 collapsible pushdown graphs. Our pumping lemma also improves the bounds of Hayashi’s pumping lemma for indexed languages. 1998 ACM Subject Classification F.1.1 Models of Computation

Abstract A socio-economic study were carried out in the wetlands complex of Aurès Sebkhates, North Eastern Algeria. This aimed to identify ecosystem services obtained by local stakeholders, describe anthropogenic impacts and evaluate vulnerability threat levels three Ramsar wetlands: Garaet Timerganine (freshwater), Annk Djemel & El Merhsel (brackish water) Sebkhet Ezzmoul (salt water). sur...

We study nonadiabatic two-parameter charge and spin pumping through a single-level quantum dot with Coulomb interaction. For the limit of weak tunnel coupling and in the regime of pumping frequencies up to the tunneling rates, Omega less, similar Gamma/variant Planck's over 2pi, we perform an exact resummation of contributions of all orders in the pumping frequency. As striking nonadiabatic sig...

INTRODUCTION Intra-aortic balloon pumping is used in elective percutaneous coronary intervention for increasing coronary blood flow. However, intra-aortic balloon pumping may decrease visceral blood flow and cause mesenteric ischemia by visceral artery obstruction. CASE PRESENTATION We report the case of a 79-year-old Asian man in whom elective percutaneous coronary intervention was performed...

Mainly due to its long history, sucker-rod pumping is a very popular means of artificial lift all over the world, roughly two-thirds of the producing oil wells are on this type of lift. To maximize profits from these wells in the ever-changing economic situation with rising costs of electric power, installation designs must ensure optimum conditions. In the paper, basic considerations on ensuri...

Recent studies have ascribed many non-pumping functions to the Na/K-ATPase. Here, we present experimental evidence demonstrating that over half of the plasma membrane Na/K-ATPase in LLC-PK1 cells is performing cellular functions other than ion pumping. This "non-pumping" pool of Na/K-ATPase, like the pumping pump, binds ouabain. Depletion of either cholesterol or caveolin-1 moves some of the "n...

We present, for the first time, a detailed investigation of the impact of second order co-propagating Raman pumping on long-haul 100G WDM DP-QPSK coherent transmission of up to 7082 km using Raman fibre laser based configurations. Signal power and noise distributions along the fibre for each pumping scheme were characterised both numerically and experimentally. Based on these pumping schemes, t...

T he rather odd term optical pumping means just what it says. In general “pumping” is a process of raising matter from lower to higher energy; for example, raising the potential energy of water hy moving it from an underground well to an elevated tank. In this article we shall he concerned w i t h the pumping of individual atoms from lower to higher states of internal energy. The word optical r...

Optical pumping uses light to affect the internal degrees of freedom of a sample of atoms in a vapor. These internal degrees of freedom are angular momentum states of the atomic ground state, which are populated when light is absorbed and emitted. This experiment reveals many phenomena of quantum mechanics including angular momentum selection rules, the density matrix, and resonance. Optical pu...

Wastewater pumping consumes 10% to 20% of electricity in wastewater treatment plants. To reduce the energy consumption, a data-driven approach is applied to model and optimize the wastewater pumping process. Datamining algorithm and multilayer perceptron neural network are used to build the pumping energy model. The optimization model is solved by an improved harmony search algorithm. Optimal p...