The hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl esters of hexanoate (NphOHe) and decanoate (NphODe) by human serum albumin (HSA) at Tyr411, located at the FA3-FA4 site, has been investigated between pH 5.8 and 9.5, at 22.0°C. Values of Ks, k+2, and k+2/Ks obtained at [HSA] ≥ 5×[NphOXx] and [NphOXx] ≥ 5×[HSA] (Xx is NphOHe or NphODe) match very well each other; moreover, the deacylation step turns out to be the...

To validate azotemic markers as an index for intradialytic changes in solute concentration, we compared eight solutes (pseudouridine, xanthine, hypoxanthine, peak 4, peak 5, p-hydroxyhippuric acid, indoxyl sulfate, and hippuric acid) with five classical azotemic markers (urea, creatinine, uric acid, phosphate, and potassium). We determined concentrations by reversed-phase HPLC coupled to ultrav...

Accumulation of protein-bound uraemic toxins (PBUTs) is one of the reasons for the development of uraemia-related complications including cardiovascular disease; however, conventional haemodialysis is limited in its ability to remove PBUTs. We aimed to examine whether the oral charcoal adsorbent AST-120 has an additive effect on PBUT removal in haemodialysis patients. During the 4-week study, a...

Title Page 1 2 Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediates suppression of hypoxia inducible 3 factor-dependent erythropoietin expression by indoxyl sulfate 4 5 Hirobumi Asai, Junya Hirata, Ayumi Hirano, Kazuya Hirai, Sayaka Seki and Mie 6 Watanabe-Akanuma 7 8 Safety Research Center, Kureha Corporation, 3-26-2 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, 9 Tokyo 169-8503, Japan 10 11 12 Running Head: Indoxyl...

Abstract Background and Aims Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the first cause of end stage renal disease worldwide. Metabolite profiling an emerging field great significance, as T2DM prevalence continuously rising. The subtle dynamics gut microbiota derived metabolites may have important implications in diabetic kidney (DKD) development. Nitrogen metabolic pathway retinoic acid signaling seem...

C hronic kidney disease (CKD) is now clearly recognized as a public health problem worldwide. Patients with CKD display a substantial increase in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Moreover, the prognosis of CVD in CKD is extremely poor. Understanding the pathophysiology of CVD in CKD might help to develop treatment strategies to reduce its morbidity and mortality....

The uremic syndrome is attributed to the progressive retention of a large number of compounds which, under normal conditions, are excreted by healthy kidneys. The compounds are called uremic toxins when they interact negatively with biological functions. The present review focuses on a specific class of molecules, namely the family of protein-bound uremic toxins. Recent experimental studies hav...