SCIENCE sciencemag.org outfitted with the standard medley of mugs, tables, chairs, and computers—as a Google conference room. “I can give a zillion reasons.” But say you slowly dim the lights. “When the lights become very dim, only the biggest reasons stand out.” Those transitions from a blank reference allow Sundararajan to capture more of the network’s decisions than Ribeiro’s variations do. ...

Abstract This paper assumes that success on false-belief tasks requires a kind of folk psychological know-how, i.e. gradable knowledge how to perform skilful social cognitive acts. Following Ryle (Proceedings the Aristotelian Society, 1946, The Concept Mind, Chicago: University Chicago Press, 1949), it argues know-how required for task cannot be reduced conceptual as this would lead an infinite...

In this discussion note, I aim to reconstruct and assess Korsgaard's recent attempt extend her regress argument. begin, in section 1, with a brief recapitulation of the Then, 2, turn extension. argue that extension does not work because Korsgaard cannot rule out possibility--a possibility for which there is both empirical evidence argumentative pressure coming directly from original regress--th...

Abstract On Malcolm Schofield’s highly influential reading of the Similarity Regress in Part I Parmenides , problem that poses is explanatory. Socrates posited Form order to explain why similar things are similar: because they participate as copies same original. Yet, generates an infinite series Forms such explanation deferred ad infinitum. Schofield provides a philosophical incentive for adop...

Abstract We implement a new survey of firms, focusing on their higher-order macroeconomic expectations. The provides novel set stylized facts regarding the relationship between first-order and expectations economic agents, including how they adjust beliefs in response to variety information treatments. show these can be used calibrate key parameters noisy-information models with infinite regres...

The best extant statement of the epistemic regress problem makes assumptions that are too strong. An improved version assumes only that that reasons require support, that no proposition is supported only by endless regresses of reasons, and that some proposition is supported. These assumptions are individually plausible but jointly inconsistent. Attempts to explain support by means of unconcept...

A. The regress of reasons threatens an epistemic agent’s right to claim that any beliefs are justified. In response, Peter Klein’s infinitism argues that an infinite series of supporting reasons of the right type not only is not vicious but can make for epistemic justification. In order to resist the sceptic, infinitism needs to provide reason to think that there is at least one justifie...

Abstract Meinertsen’s unifier is discussed on the background of Aristotle’s distinction between four kinds unity. It argued that Meinertsen combines two different unity exclude each other. Only first meaning seems to be relevant for unifier. But this applies literally only spatial complexes. Its application states affairs problematic because they are mostly not spatial. also in sense requires a...

The first premise of the Kalam cosmological argument has come under fire in the last few years. The premise states that the universe had a beginning, and one of two prominent arguments for it turns on the claim that an actual infinite collection of entities cannot exist. After stating the Kalam cosmological argument and the two approaches to defending its first premise, I respond to two objecti...