Occupational exposure limits have traditionally focused on preventing morbidity and mortality arising from inhalation exposures to individual chemical stressors in the workplace. While central to occupational risk assessment, occupational exposure limits have limited application as a refined disease prevention tool because they do not account for all of the complexities of the work and non-occu...

Assessments of inhalation exposure to environmental agents necessitate quantitative estimates of pulmonary ventilation rates. Estimating a range of exposures in a given population requires an understanding of the variability of ventilation rates in the population. Distributions of ventilation rates (Ve) were described based on the results of a large study where Ve were measured while subjects p...

Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are widely and increasingly used in clinical practice because they represent a substantial advancement in inhalation technology. The effectiveness of a powdered drug to inhale depends on the inspiratory flow rate generated by the patient and on the turbulence produced by the intrinsic resistance of the DPI. While the inspiratory flow is variable with the patient's abi...

We investigated the anesthetic effects of propofol on the electrocardiogram (ECG) in mice. We also compared the effects of isoflurane (2%) inhalation anesthesia, intraperitoneal propofol (50 or 100 mg/kg), and pentobarbital (50 mg/kg) on ECG in mice. Isoflurane inhalation and pentobarbital anesthesia were both associated with an acceptable heart rate (HR) range (ca. 450 - 500 bpm). In contrast,...

Diabetic patients treated with inhaled insulin exhibit reduced fasting plasma glucose levels. In dogs, insulin action in muscle is enhanced for as long as 3 h after insulin inhalation. This study was designed to determine whether this effect lasts for a prolonged duration such that it could explain the effect observed in diabetic patients. Human insulin was administered via inhalation (Exubera;...

Smoke inhalation injury is a serious medical problem that increases morbidity and mortality after severe burns. However, relatively little attention has been paid to this devastating condition, and the bulk of research is limited to preclinical basic science studies. Moreover, no worldwide consensus criteria exist for its diagnosis, severity grading, and prognosis. Therapeutic approaches are hi...

To investigate the efficacy of different sizes symbicort turbuhaler in treatment bronchial asthma and its effect on eosinophils. 138 patients diagnosed with treated our hospital from January 2019 to 2020 were selected randomly divided into high dose (n=69) low groups both doses Symbicortol top conventional regimen, which low-dose group was 80 μg/4.5 μg/inhalation: 1 inhalation/inhalation, twice...

Diskhaler (FP-DH), developed for inhalation of corticosteroids, is widely used for the treatment of asthma. A dry powder inhaler (DPI) is a breath controlled drug delivery system, in which a turbulent airstream is created by exploiting the patient’s own inspiratory flow rate and is required to aerosolize particles for inhalation at a satisfactory peak inspiratory flow rate, which can achieve su...

BACKGROUND We have previously shown that hydrogen (H2) inhalation, begun at the start of hyperoxic cardiopulmonary resuscitation, significantly improves brain and cardiac function in a rat model of cardiac arrest. Here, we examine the effectiveness of this therapeutic approach when H2 inhalation is begun on the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) under normoxic conditions, either alone or ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Viral and vascular disorders are considered to be a major cause of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL). Lipoprostaglandin E1 (lipo-PGE1) has vasodilating activity and has been used to treat ISSNHL. The purpose of this study was to determine the specific therapeutic effects of lipo-PGE1 and compare them to other treatment modalities for ISSNHL. SUBJE...