Inhalational anesthetics have been used to induce and maintain general anaesthesia for more than 150 years. These anaesthetic agents are commonly in the surgical clinical practice solely as a conjugant with other anaesthetics. Since inhalational develop amnesia, loss of awareness, reduce reactions painful stimuli, they an essential part anaesthesia. The choice agent is based on procedure's dura...

BACKGROUND Water undergoes structural change as it interfaces with hydrophilic surfaces, including the many hydrophilic surfaces within the cell. This interfacial water has become known as "Exclusion Zone (EZ) water" or "fourth-phase water" [1]. METHODS We tested the hypothesis that anesthetics diminish the amount of EZ water, and that this change may correlate with functional changes in anes...

Anesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) usually involves the intravenous (IV) administration of drugs such as methohexital, thiopental, propofol, etomidate, or ketamine. Sevoflurane is an inhalational anesthetic agent that has been available past 3 decades. Although many studies have examined sevoflurane in context ECT, treatment guidelines make either no mention only passing its potenti...

Potential health hazards from waste anesthetic gases (WAGs) have been a concern since the introduction of inhalational anesthetics into clinical practice. The potential to exceed recommended exposure levels (RELs) in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) exists. The aim of this pilot study was to assess sevoflurane WAG levels while accounting for factors that affect inhalational anesthetic elimin...

The anesthetic management of a parturient undergoing ex-utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedures for airway control of a newborn with a potentially life-threatening difficult airway is complex and often challenging. We herein report on the successful anesthetic management of the EXIT procedure in a 30-year-old primigravida carrying a fetus with large cervical lymphangioma. General anesthes...

BACKGROUND Normoxic and hypoxic ventilation are influenced by chemoreceptor and nonchemoreceptor drives. Although inhalational anesthetics blunt hypoxic ventilation, this effect is reversed by audiovisual stimulation but not by pain. Opioids reduce both normoxic and hypoxic ventilation, but their interaction with pain and audiovisual stimulation has not been fully reported. METHODS Isocapnic,...

OBJECTIVE To describe the difficulties that can be encountered during mechanical ventilation of severe status asthmaticus and to discuss the safety of permissive hypercapnia as a ventilatory strategy and the role and limitations of inhalation anesthesia in the treatment of refractory cases. DESIGN Case series and review of literature. SETTING Intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital....

We did a PubMed search and summarized studies on the potential adverse effect of anesthetics especially neurotoxicity in the developing brain, so named anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity. Even though many experimental studies using animal models indicated some adverse effect of anesthetics, more evidence is needed before a recommendation can be made to change the way those anestheti...