Three-dimensional functional reconstructions of descending thin limbs (DTLs) and ascending thin limbs (ATLs) of loops of Henle, descending vasa recta (DVR), ascending vasa recta (AVR), and collecting ducts (CDs) permit quantitative definition of lateral and axial zones of probable functional significance in rat inner medulla (IM). CD clusters form the organizing motif for loops of Henle and vas...

The heterogeneity across the left ventricular wall is characterized by higher rates of oxygen consumption, systolic thickening fraction, myocardial perfusion, and lower energetic state in the subendocardial layers (ENDO). During dobutamine stimulation-induced demand ischemia, the transmural distribution of energy demand and metabolic markers of ischemia are not known. In this study, hemodynamic...

Dogs 3-7 days following ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery representing a remarkably stable model for re-entrant ventricular arrhythmias (RVA) and allowed detailed electrophysiologic studies of the re-entrant mechanism. In these dogs, we could regularly illustrate the presence of continuous electrical activity originating from the infarction zone (IZ) and bridging the diastolic...

Cortical interneurons originate in the ganglionic eminences of the subpallium and migrate into the cortex in well-defined tangential streams. At the start of corticogenesis, two streams of migrating neurons are evident: a superficial one at the level of the preplate (PPL), and a deeper one at the level of the intermediate zone (IZ). Currently, little is known about the signalling mechanisms tha...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine whether the outer nuclear layer (ONL) deformation detected by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is correlated with visual acuity before and after surgery in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM). METHODS Forty-four eyes of 44 patients who underwent vitreous surgery for treatment of ERM were included. All patie...

In the latter half of gestation (20-40 gestational weeks), human brain growth accelerates in conjunction with cortical folding and the deceleration of ventricular zone progenitor cell proliferation. These processes are reflected in changes in the volume of respective fetal tissue zones. Thus far, growth trajectories of the fetal tissue zones have been extracted primarily from 2D measurements on...

The mammalian cerebral cortex consists of six layers that are generated via coordinated neuronal migration during the embryonic period. Recent studies identified specific phases of radial migration of cortical neurons. After the final division, neurons transform from a multipolar to a bipolar shape within the subventricular zone-intermediate zone (SVZ-IZ) and then migrate along radial glial fib...

BACKGROUND An increasing number of people suffer from neck pain due to life style and prolonged use of computers. Research has revealed that myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) and the intramuscular innervation zone (IZ) are involved in neck pain. MTrPs are induced mainly by IZ dysfunction of the affected skeletal muscle and the 2 do not overlap in location. The question is whether injection trea...

Cortical GABAergic interneurons in rodents originate from subpallial progenitors and tangentially migrate to the cortex. While the majority of mouse neocortical interneurons are derived from the medial and caudal ganglionic eminence (MGE and CGE, respectively), it remains unknown whether the lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE) also contributes to a subpopulation of cortical interneurons. Here, we...