The use of “fuel” compounds to drive chemical systems out equilibrium is currently interest because the potential for temporally controlled, responsive behavior. We have recently shown that transiently formed crown ethers exhibit counterintuitive templation effects when generated in presence alkali metal cations: “matched” cations, such as K+ with an 18-crown-6 analogue, suppress formation macr...

Plasticity in crown architecture, contributing to leaf arrangement within crown, is an important feature for whole plant carbon assimilation and survival. In this study, I examined the plasticity in crown architecture to light condition and developmental stage by the changes in shoot production. Rhododendron reticulatum expands crown with orthotropic growth in monopodial branching in young stag...

A dilated odontoma is an extremely rare developmental anomaly represented as a dilatation of the crown and root as a consequence of a deep, enamel-lined invagination and is considered a severe variant of dens invaginatus. An oval shape of the tooth lacking morphological characteristics of a crown or root implies that the invagination happened in the initial stages of morphodifferentiation. Spon...

In this work, the interaction of protonated amino acids with a chromene bearing a fused 18-crown-6 ether moiety was studied by UV-vis and NMR spectroscopy. Initial closed forms of the chromene form monotopic 1 : 1 complexes, the ammonium group being localized inside the crown ether cavity. UV-irradiation leads to transformation of the ring-closed species into the ring-opened form. Depending on ...

Unworn teeth of herbivorous mammals are not immediately functional. They have to be partially worn to expose enamel ridges which can then act as shear-cutting blades to break the food down. We use the Plains Zebra (Equus quagga) as a hypsodont, herbivorous model organism to investigate how initial wear of the tooth crown is controlled by underlying structures. We find that the enamel proportion...

0045-7949/$ see front matter Crown Copyright 2 doi:10.1016/j.compstruc.2010.11.003 ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +82 32 860 7310; fax E-mail addresses: [email protected], jhp@h [email protected] (H.G. Beom), [email protected] (Y. W (S. Lin), [email protected] (B. Liu). This paper proposes an evolutionary accelerated computational level set algorithm for structure topology optimization. It integ...

The lifetime of a ceramic is dependent on the presence of incidental cracks and their gradual propagation under the conditions of the oral cavity. The objective of this study was to examine the long-term strength of glass-infiltrated alumina- and various zirconia ceramics currently used in CAD/CAM systems to manufacture crown and bridge frameworks. Fracture mechanics were applied to determine c...

For at least the past decade, an unusual decline of black walnut (Juglans nigra) has been observed in several western states. Initial symptoms involve a yellowing and thinning of the upper crown, which progresses to include death of progressively larger branches (Figure 1). During the final stages large areas of foliage may rapidly wilt. Trees often are killed within three years after initial s...

The Navier–Stokes equations for unsteady, incompressible, viscous fluids in the axisymmetric coordinate system are solved using a control volume method. The volume-of-fluid (VOF) technique is used to track the free-surface of the liquid. Model predictions are in good agreement with experimental measurements. It is found that the dynamic processes after impact are sensitive to the initial drople...

Dependability is a key factor in any software system and has been made a core aim of the Globus based China Research Environment over Wide-area Network (CROWN) middleware. Our past research, based around our Fault Injection Technology (FIT) framework, has demonstrated that Network Level Fault Injection can be a valuable tool in assessing the dependability of RPC oriented SOAP based middleware. ...