AIMS To assess whether associations between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring smoking initiation are due to intrauterine mechanisms. DESIGN Comparison of associations of maternal and partner smoking behaviour during pregnancy with offspring smoking initiation using partner smoking as a negative control (n = 6484) and a Mendelian randomization analysis (n = 1020), using a genetic...

BACKGROUND: Based on anecdotal evidence, waterpipe may provide gateway to cigarette smoking onset among youth. This hypothesis is yet to be examined using appropriate study design and a theoretical model of behavioral change. AIM: To compare the risk of cigarette smoking initiation for waterpipe-only and never-smokers among a school-based sample of adolescents from Irbid, Jordan. METHODS: A tot...

Smoking is strongly associated with schizophrenia. Although it has been widely assumed that this reflects self-medication, recent studies suggest that smoking may be a risk factor for schizophrenia. We performed two-sample bi-directional Mendelian randomization using summary level genomewide association data from the Tobacco And Genetics Consortium and Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Variants ...

OBJECTIVE To analyse the dynamics of smoking prevalence, initiation, and cessation in relation to sex, age, birth cohort, study year, and educational level. DESIGN Six independent cross-sectional population surveys repeated every five years between 1972 and 1997. SETTING The provinces of North Karelia and Kuopio in eastern Finland. SUBJECTS Independent random samples of 18,088 men and 19,...

OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to investigate the influence of home smoking restriction (HSR) and the modified effect of parental smoking on smoking initiation among adolescents. DESIGN Prospective Cohort Study. SETTING Junior high school in Keelung City, Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS This study collected and evaluated primary data from the Adolescent Smoking and Other Health-Related Behavi...

Hookah smoking has recently emerged as a popular alternative to cigarette smoking particularly among young adults and women. This study focused on the role of family members' smoking behaviours as a possible risk factor for initiation of hookah smoking in women. 36 in-depth interviews were conducted with Iranian women of diverse ages for understanding the factors contributing to the initiation ...

Social interactions are widely recognized to play an important role in smoking initiation among adolescents. In this paper we hypothesize that individual with ‘stronger’ personalities (i.e. emotionally stable, conscientious individuals) are better able to resist peer pressure in the uptake of smoking. We exploit detailed friendship nominations in the US Add Health data, and extend the Spatial A...

For the identification of genes associated with smoking initiation and current smoking, genome-wide association analyses were carried out in 3497 subjects. Significant genes that replicated in three independent samples (n = 405, 5810, and 1648) were visualized into a biologically meaningful network showing cellular location and direct interaction of their proteins. Several interesting groups of...

BACKGROUND Smoking is the cause for many preventable deaths worldwide. The rate of smoking has not increased in Iran in the past two decades, but its increase among adolescents and young adults is a concern. This study investigates the risk factors of initiation and continuation of smoking in Iran using a qualitative approach. METHODS This is a qualitative content analysis study conducted on ...