In gas chromatography (GC), highly volatile liquefied hydrocarbons are commonly injected using devices such as high-pressure syringes, piston valves, liquid rotary sampling valves, or vaporizing regulators. Although these techniques are adequate in some cases, there are known deficiencies. A new generation of sampling valve has been recently innovated and commercialized. Some of the highlights ...

To better understand carbonaceous aerosol emissions from gasoline vehicles, a direct injection (GDI) vehicle with and without particle filter (GPF) installed port fuel (PFI) were tested on chassis dynamometer using standard emission drive cycles. Carbonaceous particles emitted the vehicles collected quartz filters analyzed three different thermal optical protocols to assess sensitivity of organ...

HS-SPME-GC-MS has been suggested as a fast and robust analytical platform for the product characterization of sesquiterpene synthases. The choice of fiber and injection temperature can have a significant effect on the observed product profile, due to the chemical rearrangements that can occur on the fiber material. Here we present a systematic study on the effects of fiber choice and injection ...

The problem of air-fuel ratio (AFR) control of the port injection spark ignition (SI) engine is still of considerable importance because of stringent demands on emission control. In this paper, the static AFR calculation model based on in-cylinder pressure data and on the adaptive AFR control strategy is presented. The model utilises the intake manifold pressure, engine speed, total heat releas...