We explain the raison d’être and basic ideas of input/output logic, sketching the central elements with pointers to other publications for detailed developments. The motivation comes from the logic of norms. Unconstrained input/output operations are straightforward to define, with relatively simple behaviour, but ignore the subtleties of contraryto-duty norms. To deal with these more sensitivel...

The memory plates can be used with con ventional 2-to-1 current -coincidence drive. This is particularly suitable for compact, lower power consuming, transistor driven, memories of relatively small capacity. A new method is proposed of driving memories particularly suitable for plates. The memory plates are driven by an end-on switch itself made of plates. The switch operates in a set-a-line an...

The notion of output-input stability, recently proposed in [2], represents a variant of the minimum-phase property for general smooth nonlinear control systems. In the spirit of the input-to-state stability (ISS) philosophy, the definition of output-input stability requires the state and the input of the system to be bounded by a suitable function of the output and derivatives of the output, mo...

This paper presents an experiment concerning the relative effectiveness of computer assisted comprehension practice and production practice in the acquisition of a second language. Two computer programs were developed: (a) an input-focused program providing students with explicit grammatical instruction and comprehension exercises and (b) an output-focused program providing the same grammatical...