BACKGROUND Studies have examined whether there is a relationship between drinking water turbidity and gastrointestinal (GI) illness indicators, and results have varied possibly due to differences in methods and study settings. OBJECTIVES As part of a water security improvement project we conducted a retrospective analysis of the relationship between drinking water turbidity and GI illness in ...

For estimating suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in rivers, turbidity is generally a much better predictor than water discharge. Although it is now possible to collect continuous turbidity data even at remote sites, sediment sampling and load estimation are still conventionally based on discharge. With frequent calibration the relation of turbidity to SSC could be used to estimate suspende...

We investigated the efficacy of 1064nm Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of onychomycosis caused by dermatophytes. The study population consisted of 12 patients (6 male, 6 female ; average age 53.5 years), with onychomycosis confirmed by fungal culture and/or real-time PCR identification of the pathogen. The causative agent was identified as Trichophyton rubrum in 11 cases and a mixture of T. rubr...

Automated data collection is essential to effectively measure suspended sediment loads in storm events, particularly in small basins. Continuous turbidity measurements can be used, along with discharge, in an automated system that makes real-time sampling decisions to facilitate sedi­ ment load estimation. The Turbidity Threshold Sampling method distributes sample collection over the range of r...

Most phytoplankton production occurs in the turbulently mixed surface layer of lakes and oceans. Environmental factors such as mixed layer depth and background turbidity substantially influence the availability of essential, production-limiting resources, i.e., light and nutrients. We tested the predictions of a dynamic model concerning the effects of water column mixing depth and background tu...

Raw hospital wastewater is a source of excessive heavy metals and pharmaceutical pollutants. In water-stressed countries such as Pakistan, the practice unsafe reuse by local farmers for crop irrigation major concern. our previous work, we developed low-cost bacterial consortium treatment method. Here, in two-part study, first aimed to find what physico-chemical parameters were most important di...

Thea:lpha toxin of Clostridium welchii is a l)otent lecithinase which (lisrup)ts the serum lilpo)rIoteins, eventually resulting in complete separation of the lipids from the protein fraction. This reaction is associated with the development of turbidity, the intensity of which is related to the quantitative level of serum lipids. The time of onset of turbidity, however, atppears to relate to th...

Lipaemic specimens are a common problem in clinical chemistry. Most laboratories will measure the concentration of triglycerides and then decide whether the analytical result is valid or not. There is a poor association between the concentration of triglycerides and an objective assessment of turbidity for visually turbid specimens. Extrapolation of triglyceride concentrations derived from the ...

The Arctic is greatly impacted by climate change. increase in air temperature drives the thawing of permafrost and an coastal erosion river discharge. This leads to a greater input sediment organic matter into waters, which substantially impacts ecosystems reducing light transmission through water column altering biogeochemistry, but also subsistence economy local people, changes because transf...

A novel technique for studying the stability of emulsions has been developed. Owing to the fact that emulsion turbidity is a function of particle concentration and size, the stability of emulsions can be determined by measuring the change in turbidity with time. The relationship between turbidity and particle size and concentration is derived for a polydispersed emulsion. The stability of acous...