The genome of the insect pathogen Photorhabdus luminescens strain TT01 contains numerous genes predicting toxins and proteases. Within the P. luminescens TT01 genome, the products of two loci, plu 4093-plu 4092 and plu 4437-plu 4436, show oral insecticidal activity against both moth and mosquito larvae. The proteins encoded by these loci, here termed 'Photorhabdus insect related' (Pir) proteins...

The effect of oxadiazolyl 3(2H)-pyridazinone (ODP), a new insect growth regulator, on growth of larvae of the armyworm, Pseudaletia separata Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was evaluated in comparison to the insecticide, toosendanin, a tetranortriterpenoid extracted from the bark of Melia toosendan that has multiple effects on insects. The digestive physiological properties of these compounds o...

We report that methoprene and its derivatives can stimulate gene transcription in vertebrates by acting through the retinoic acid-responsive transcription factors, the retinoid X receptors (RXRs). Methoprene is an insect growth regulator in domestic and agricultural use as a pesticide. At least one metabolite of methoprene, methoprene acid, directly binds to RXR and is a transcriptional activat...

Abstract Honey bees are incidentally exposed to pesticides such as the insect growth regulator methoxyfenozide (MEOF) during crop pollination, exposures that extend into hive via contaminated stored food. We examined sublethal effects of MEOF-contaminated pollen and queen cell wax on replacement development. MEOF-exposed colonies were largely able produce queens similar physiological reproducti...

background: combination of cyromazine as an insect growth regulator (igr) and nasonia vitripennis (hymenop tera: pteromalidae) a parasitic wasp may be an effective tool for reducing the house-fly populations in poultry houses and livestock farms. this study was conducted to assess the side effects of the igr cyromazine on the level of parasit ism and numbers and the longevity of emerged n. vitr...