The Drosophila selector gene cut is a hierarchal regulator of external sensory organ identity and is required to pattern the sensory and nonsensory cells of the wing margin. Cut performs the latter function, in part, by maintaining expression of the secreted morphogen encoded by wingless (wg). We find that Cut is required for wing-margin sensory organ specification in addition to and independen...

Insulation board is being fabricated and tested for use in developing countries. It is made at a low density, in the area of 5 to 10 pounds per cubic foot (80 to 160 kilograms per cubic meter), and has good thermal properties for an air based insulation, meaning R3 to R4 per inch (Btuin/hr-ft2-oF)-, or a conductivity of .048 to .036 W/m-K. The initial effort is to produce a straw insulation boa...

In this paper, a novel algorithm for estimating clothing insulation is proposed to assess thermal comfort, based on the non-contact and real-time measurements of the face and clothing temperatures by an infrared camera. The proposed method can accurately measure the clothing insulation of various garments under different clothing fit and sitting postures. The proposed estimation method is inves...

The operation of Nb–Ti superconducting magnets in He II relies on superfluidity to overcome the severe thermal barrier represented by the cable electrical insulation. In wrapped cable insulations, like those used for the main magnets of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) particle accelerator, the micro-channels network created by the insulation wrappings allows to efficiently transfer the heat dep...

Metabolic heat production and rectal temperature were measured in 19 newborn calves (41.8 +/- 3.7 kg) during hypothermia and recovery when four different means of assistance were provided. Hypothermia of 30 degrees C rectal temperature was induced by immersion in 18 degrees C water. Calves were rewarmed in a 20 to 25 degree C air environment where thermal assistance was provided by added therma...

Aircraft noise increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and mental illness. The allowable limit for sound in the vicinity of an airport is 65 decibels (dB) averaged over a 24-h 'day and night' period (DNL) in the United States. We evaluate the trade-off between the cost and the health benefits of changing the regulatory DNL level from 65 dB to 55 dB using a Markov model. The study used LaG...

In electrical power engineering equipment like cables, transformers and switchgears high voltages occur which have to be isolated in a safe and reliable way. Thus the used insulation systems are very sensitive parts of such components, especially regarding the long required lifetime of more than 30 years. Especially for insulation systems made up of solid materials (resins, elastomers, thermopl...

We describe a method to make even insulation layers for high-pressure laser-heated diamond-anvil cell samples using stepped anvils. The method works for both single-sided and double-sided laser heating using solid or fluid insulation. The stepped anvils are used as matched pairs or paired with a flat culet anvil to make gasket insulation layers and not actually used at high pressures; thus, the...

Numerous studies have estimated the optimum thickness of thermal insulation materials used in building walls for different climate conditions. The economic parameters (inflation rate, discount rate, lifetime and energy costs), the heating/cooling loads of the building, the wall structure and the properties of the insulation material all affect the optimum insulation thickness. This study focuse...