OBJECTIVE To determine whether local warming of the lower arm and hand facilitates peripheral venous cannulation. DESIGN Single blinded prospective randomised controlled trial and single blinded randomised crossover trial. SETTING Neurosurgical unit and haematology ward of university hospital. PARTICIPANTS 100 neurosurgical patients and 40 patients with leukaemia who required chemotherapy...

Key elements of the 36 MJ Atlas capacitor bank have been evaluated for individual probabilities of failure. These have been combined to estimate system reliability which is to be greater than 95% on each experimental shot. This analysis utilizes Weibull or Weibull-like distributions with increasing probability of failure with the number of shots. For transmission line insulation, a minimum thic...

The optimum thickness of the building envelope insulation materials depends on a large number of parameters. But the optimum thickness is calculated considering only economic arguments. In this paper, life-cycle assessment of the materials used in the building, and specifically the insulation ones, are included in the process to calculate the optimum insulation thickness from both environmental...

Smart grid technology is a new approach for promoting the energy efficiency and for accomplishing the environment objectives. In this context, the lifetime of transformers have a great impact on the quality of the delivered energy. The paper deals with a mathematical statistic method for estimation of winding insulation lifetime of the power transformers, based on Rayleigh distribution. The con...

In this paper, accelerated multi-factor aging tests in laboratory have been conducted on the stator ham of a large generator. During the period of aging, the temperature spectra of dielectric dissipation factor tan 6 of stator insulation were employed to investigate aging characteristics of insulation materials. Test results showed that the peak temperature T,,, of the tan 6 -T curve under 0.2U...

The Mars environment presents a number of challenges to the current extravehicular activity (EVA) architecture. The Martian gravity of 0.38 g is more than twice that of lunar gravity, resulting in more stringent mass requirements for the spacesuit and portable life support system (PLSS). The Martian atmospheric pressure of 7 mmHg (0.933 kPa, 0.135 psi), combined with seasonal temperature swings...

The windings insulation of electrical machines will remain a topic that is updated frequently. The criteria severity requested by the electrical machine applications increases continuously. Manufacturers and designers are always confronted with new requirements or new criteria with enhanced performances. The most problematic requirements that will be investigated here are the extremely long lif...

the quality of the communication between teachers and students and ultimately, of classroom education itself, is closely linked to the acoustic quality of the auditorium. this acoustic quality can be characterized based on the reverberation time (rt), speech transmission index (sti) and the sound insulation. in this context, an acoustic study was conducted in an auditorium located in the higher...

“OUTSIDE-IN” ABRASIONS: A NEW PHENOMENA — MORE QUESTIONS THAN ANSWERS We may divide abrasions according to mechanism into “outside-in” and “inside-out” abrasions. The “outside-in” abrasions are well known in the pocket as the result of friction between leads or between the lead and the device, as well as in the venous system, with tearing surfaces among leads, first rib, and clavicle. However, ...