In addition to being the single greatest known environmental cause of cancer, cigarette smoke (CS) is also a major contributor to heart disease. We reported previously that 1) inhalation of either mainstream or sidestream CS promotes aortic arteriosclerotic plaque development; 2) 1,3 butadiene, a vapor-phase component of CS, promotes plaque development at 20 ppm, which at the time was only 2 ti...

The current study was designed to examine the effects of intracerebroventricular injections of SHU9119 [a nonselective melanocortin receptor (McR) antagonist] and MCL0020 (a selective McR antagonist) on the serotonin-induced eating and drinking responses of broiler cockerels deprived of food for 24 h (FD24). For Experiment 1, the chickens were intracerebroventricularly injected with 2.5, 5, and...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects quail egg yolk extenders in cryopreservation cockerel semen. Ten Venda cockerels were chosen randomly and semen collected twice a week with two-day rest period using an abdominal massage technique. Immediately following collection, samples evaluated for microscopic parameters (sperm cell motility, viability, morphology, abnormalities) as well...

Any common surgical procedure, including orchiectomy in cockerels, requires perfect knowledge topography and syntopy of the organ surgery is performed on. This also implies acquiring necessary information via application a number instrumental methods such as diagnostic roentgenography sonography. Both have positive (intravital, painless quick procedure) well negative (possible flaws diagnostics...

glucose and insulin are two important factors in regulation of food intake. also, existence of central glucoreceptors have been determined in human and many of  animal species, in this study the existence of central glucoreceptors and regulative role of glucose in ingestive behavior of broiler cockerels were studied. in this study used from 128 broiler cockerels. at the first, guide cannula imp...

The current investigation was undertaken to study whether mammalian prolactin can induce mitotic activity in the anterior pituitary gland in chicks. It was found that intramuscular injections of ovine prolactin (1.5 i.u. and 10 i.u. each daily per bird for 10 days) significantly increased mitotic frequency in the adenohypophysis of juvenile cockerels. It is suggested that ovine prolactin has a ...

in each case varied during the succeeding days and the general attitude varied from extreme lassitude and drowsiness on the one hand to hyperesthesia and clonic spasms on the other. The height of the clinical reaction occurred on the 7th to 9th days, retrogressing to normalcy on the 14th day with the animals remaining normal on the 20th day. Using a very active sample of the same virus, White L...