BACKGROUND Routine episiotomy is a controversial issue among gynecologists. The aim of this study was to compare early maternal and neonatal complications of restrictive episiotomy and routine episiotomy in primiparus vaginal delivery. METHODS In this descriptive cross-sectional study, two groups of primiparus normal vaginal delivery (NVD) cases with routine and restrictive episiotomy were st...

Although extensively applied in obstetrics practice to facilitate delivery by increasing the vaginal birth conduit, most episiotomy studies are in the context of short- or medium-term outcomes, and the number of studies investigating the long-term effects is insufficient. Episiotomy is often considered associated with urinary and/or anal incontinence and dyspareunia; however, there is no concre...

BACKGROUND One of the strategies for a good outcome and pain free childbearing is to design the delivery room. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of snoezelen room on childbearing outcome such as pain intensity, duration of labor, and perinea status in nulliparous women. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial consists of 100 chil...

INTRODUCTION There is limited knowledge regarding the symptom profile of genito-pelvic pain in pregnancy and postpartum, and potential psychosocial predictors of this pain. Prior studies have reported a positive association between prepregnancy pain and postpartum genito-pelvic pain. Greater fear avoidance has been associated with increased genital pain intensity in women, unrelated to childbir...

the quality of life (qol) has been defined as ‘‘a person’s sense of well-being that stems from satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the areas of life that are important to him/her’’. it is generally accepted that pain intensity and duration have a negative impact on the qol. one specific type of control is “self-efficacy”, or the belief that one has the ability to successfully engage in specifi...

BACKGROUND Despite multiple benefits of breast milk, the rates of exclusive breastfeeding in developing countries are low. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of early skin -to -skin contact (SSC) on the rate of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at 6 weeks of age among term neonates born by vaginal delivery. METHODS Term neonates born by vaginal delivery and did not require any resuscitation wer...

OBJECTIVE To compare two policies for episiotomy: restrictive and systematic. PATIENTS AND METHODS It is a quasi-randomised comparative study between two French university hospitals with contrasting episiotomy policies: one using it restrictively and the second routinely. Population included 774 nulliparous women delivered during 1996 of a singleton in cephalic presentation at a term of 37-41...

BACKGROUND Episiotomy is the surgical enlargement of the vaginal orifice by an incision of the perineum during the second stage of labor or just before delivery of the baby. During the 1970s, it was common to perform an episiotomy for almost all women having their first delivery, ostensibly for prevention of severe perineum tears and easier subsequent repair. However, there are no data availabl...

Postpartum pain experienced by every woman has varying degrees of with different thresholds. Post partum is caused a tear in the birth canal / perineum due to an episiotomy aim preventing spontaneous perineal tearing and facilitating delivery. The research method used experimental pre-experimental design techniques. Experimental carried out find effect certain treatments under controlled condit...