The critical station of a bus rapid transit facility governs capacity. This study developed an improved model typical with three linear offline loading areas and passing lane, using probabilistic approach to the modeling area selection blockage buses. principal operational parameter was effective utilization: expected number buses that are clearing or dwelling. Bus arrival rate, theoretical cap...

Systems that reason about actions, whether they do plan generation [1] or plan recognition [2] typically model the effects of actions that occur in a plan. Simple declarative schemata allow the specification of assertions to be added/deleted to model the primary effects of actions. Side-effects of actions are those that are conditional on properties of the state in which the action is taken. Wh...

Tiring of the touts and tourists in Kathmandu, I decided to travel to Pokhara to see the sun rise over Annapurna. In order to experience the rural way of life of the Nepalese, I scorned the comfortable tourist-bus in favour of the service-bus used by the peasants. At ?1.30 for a journey of 130 miles it seemed a bargain? but subsequent experience proved otherwise. Kathmandu bus-station is a mech...

Bus routing is one of the most important elements of public transit system planning. This article presents a model for optimizing service headway and a bus route serving an area with a commuter (many-to-one) travel pattern. The bus route is optimized by minimizing the total system cost, including operator and user costs, while considering diagonal links in the study network. A method is develop...

The focus of this case study is the meticulous observation urban soil pollution by heavy metals (HMs), or, alternatively, potentially toxic elements (PTEs). took place in center Volos, Greece. Moreover, 248 samples were collected during 2018–2021 (62 annually), while 3.65 km2 was, approximately, area. breakdown total concentrations for interpretation different parameters, also according to mean...

International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) has developed a new global standard, IEC 61850 for communication systems in power substations. This standard provides interoperability among the all communication devices within the substation. This paper presents basic features of communication systems proposed by IEC 61850, such as functional hierarchy, OSI-7 layer based communication, and proc...