Smoking should be stopped and hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypothyroidism be treated in elderly patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Statins reduce the incidence of intermittent claudication and improve exercise duration until the onset of intermittent claudication in persons with PAD and hypercholesterolemia. Antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin or clopidogrel, ...

Intermittent sports (e.g., team sports) are diverse in their rules and regulations but similar in the pattern of play; that is, intermittent high-intensity movements and the execution of sport-specific skills over a prolonged period of time (~1-2 h). Performance during intermittent sports is dependent upon a combination of anaerobic and aerobic energy systems, both of which rely on muscle glyco...

The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the influence of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia at rest on endurance performance and cardiorespiratory and hematological adaptations in trained endurance athletes. Twelve trained male endurance runners were assigned to either a hypoxic group (n = 6) or a control group (n = 6). The subjects in the hypoxic group were exposed to a simulated altitud...

BACKGROUND In patients with intermittent claudication, exercise in the form of walking is effective in reducing pain and maximising achievable walking distance. However, data are lacking on the implementation of walking exercise in these patients. AIMS To explore the current behaviour and views of patients with intermittent claudication towards taking walking exercise. DESIGN OF STUDY Posta...

OBJECTIVE This study determined the hormonal and subjective appetite responses to exercise (1-h continuous versus intermittent exercise throughout the day) in obese individuals. DESIGN AND METHODS Eleven obese subjects (>30 kg/m(2) ) underwent three 12-h study days: control condition [sedentary behavior (SED)], continuous exercise condition [(EX) 1-h exercise], and intermittent exercise condi...

The effects of repeated short-term hypoxia on exercise tolerance in patients at risk for, or with mild COPD were investigated. Eighteen patients (10 males, 8 females; 33-72 years) were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to receive 15 sessions of intermittent hypoxia (FiO(2): 0.15-0.12) or normoxia within 3 weeks. Three weeks of intermittent hypoxia increased total haemoglobin mass (+4%...

Background and objectives: Sedentary life style and high-fat diet are one of the key causes of coronary artery disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of periodic exercise and consumption of fenugreek seed extract on the expression of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) genes in patients with coronary artery occlusion. Methods: The present ...

The effects of dynamic and intermittent isometric knee extension exercises on skeletal muscle blood flow and flow heterogeneity were studied in seven healthy endurance-trained men. Regional muscle blood flow was measured using positron emission tomography (PET) and an [(15)O]H(2)O tracer, and electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded in the quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle during submaximal i...

1. The activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase in its active and inactive forms was measured in biopsy samples obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle of healthy subjects before and after exercise. 2. At rest, 40 +/- 4% (mean +/- SEM) of the enzyme was in the active form. 3. After progressive aerobic exercise to exhaustion (n = 5), 88 +/- 2.3% was in the active form. 4. After intermittent supramax...