It i s emphasized t h a t a d i s t r i b u t i o n func t ion i n both the d i s l o c a t i o n loop lengths and obstac le s t rengths must be considered t o develop a q u a n t i t a t i v e theory f o r the h y s t e r e t i c d i s s i p a t i o n o f energy. That i s when d i s l o c a t i o n surmounts an undulat ing i n t e r n a l s t ress f i e l d and t h e break-away i s r e s t r i...

A friction coefficient is defined as the ratio of the friction force to the applied normal force. Despite the disarming simplicity of its calculation, there are practical challenges that make low values of friction coefficient difficult to accurately quantify. The connections of imperfect parts in friction measurement devices (called tribometers) produce small misalignments between the transduc...

The idea that snow avalanches might behave as granular flows, and thus be described as Coulomb fluid flows, came up very early in the scientific study of avalanches, but it is not until recently that field evidence has been provided that demonstrates the reliability of this idea. This paper aims to specify the bulk frictional behaviour of snow avalanches by seeking a universal friction law. Sin...

Friction plays an important role in the behavior of flowing granular media. The effective friction coefficient is a description of shear strength in both slow and rapid flows of these materials. In this paper, we study the steady state effective friction coefficient μ in a granular material in two steps. First, we develop a new relationship between the steady state effective friction coefficien...

The tire-road friction coefficient is critical to the performance of mobile robots working outdoors. However, it is difficult to measure using commercially available technology sensors. This paper presents a method of estimating the tire-road friction coefficient using a disturbance observer (DO) with compensator; the chassis speed is not needed. In this paper, the torque produced by the tire-r...

This paper presents frictional characteristics of thrust bearing in scroll compressor. The coefficient of friction in thrust bearing was measured by both elemental friction test and loss classification based on the performance test of actual scroll compressor, and investigated frictional characteristics focusing on the behavior of sliding portion which affects the generation of oil film by expe...

In vivo frictional properties of human skin and five materials, namely aluminium, nylon, silicone, cotton sock, Pelite, were investigated. Normal and untreated skin over six anatomic regions of ten normal subjects were measured under a controlled environment. The average coefficient of friction for all measurements is 0.46+/-0.15 (p<0.05). Among all measured sites, the palm of the hand has the ...

We show experimentally that the sliding friction on sand is greatly reduced by the addition of some-but not too much-water. The formation of capillary water bridges increases the shear modulus of the sand, which facilitates the sliding. Too much water, on the other hand, makes the capillary bridges coalesce, resulting in a decrease of the modulus; in this case, we observe that the friction coef...

the paper aims at investigating the effects of chemical reaction and thermal radiation on the steady two-dimensional laminar flow of viscous incompressible electrically conducting micropolar fluid past a stretching surface embedded in a non-darcian porous medium. the radiative heat flux is assumed to follow rosseland approximation. the governing equations of momentum, angular momentum, energy, ...

Hearing starts when sound-evoked mechanical vibrations of the hair-cell bundle activate mechanosensitive ion channels, giving birth to an electrical signal. As for any mechanical system, friction impedes movements of the hair bundle and thus constrains the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of auditory transduction. Friction is generally thought to result mainly from viscous drag by the surr...