In insects, the excretory system is comprised of the Malpighian tubules (MTs) and the hindgut, which collectively function to maintain ionic and osmotic balance of the haemolymph and rid the organism of toxic compounds or elements in excess. Secretion by the Malpighian tubules of insects is regulated by a variety of hormones including peptidergic factors as well as biogenic amines. In Rhodnius ...

A CCORDING to Chambers and Zweifach, water and water soluble substance move through only intercellular cement and lipophilic substances, 02 and CO2 move mainly through cell membrane. Therefore, the main factor which determines the capillary permeability to water is the porosity of inter-cellular cement. Almost all of physiological phenomena can be explained reasonably by considering that the in...

The cell is a mechanical machine, and continuum mechanics of the fluid cytoplasm and the viscoelastic deforming cytoskeleton play key roles in cell physiology.We reviewmathematicalmodels of intracellular fluidmechanics, from cytoplasmic fluid flows, to the flow of a viscous active cytoskeletal gel, to models of two-phase poroviscous flows, to poroelastic models. We discuss application of these ...

1. Exchangeable potassium, sulphate space and intracellular fluid have been determined in eight normal males and in seven uraemic male patients on a regime of twice weekly 8 h dialysis. 2. Intracellular water was more closely correlated with exchangeable potassium than were body weight or lean body mass. 3. There was no correlation between exchangeable potassium and plasma or erythrocyte potass...

Introduction Water is the most abundant constituent of the human body. Human body has 60-70 % of weight due to its water content 1 . Water occupies two main fluid compartments 1. Intracellular fluid (ICF)about two third by volume, contained in cells 2. Extracellular fluid (ECF)-about one third by volume, consist of two major subdivisions  Plasma – the fluid portion of the blood  Interstitial ...

The effect of chronic alcohol administration on blood pressure was investigated in 7-week-old Wistar rats. Tail-cuff blood pressure was significantly higher in rats who received 15% ethanol in drinking water than in control rats. Intracellular free calcium concentration of lymphocytes was increased, while magnesium concentration of erythrocyte, aorta, and skeletal muscle and erythrocyte ouabain...