BACKGROUND Intravenous anesthetics are used during the perioperative and/or postoperative period in critically ill patients. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play important roles in vascular injury repair or restenosis after intervention. We previously reported that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB induces VSMC migration via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt in a V...

Purpose: To evaluate the parameters of dogs anesthetized by different dissociative drugs protocols through continuous intravenous infusion. Methods: Thirty healthy dogs of both sexes were assigned randomly to three groups (G1, G2, and G3). G1 was administered with methotrimeprazine as a pre-anesthetic medication, intravenously midazolam-ketamine as bolus for induction and midazolam-ketamine by ...

The contribution of the lung to drug metabolism was investigated in rats and the possibility of prediction of in vivo metabolism from in vitro studies using rat pulmonary microsomes was assessed. Lidocaine, midazolam, or nifedipine was administered to rats at a dose of 10 mg/kg by the intra-arterial, intravenous, and intraportal routes. The pulmonary extraction ratios of lidocaine, midazolam, a...

We studied the interaction of azole antimycotics with intravenous (IV) and oral midazolam using a cross-over design in 12 volunteers, who ingested placebo, itraconazole, or fluconazole for 6 days. A 7.5-mg dose of midazolam was ingested on the first day, 0.05 mg/kg was administered IV on the fourth day, and 7.5 mg orally on the sixth day. Itraconazole reduced the clearance of IV midazolam by 69...

The objective of the present investigation was to characterize the pharmacodynamic interaction between the synthetic neuroactive steroid alphaxalone and the benzodiazepine midazolam. The time course of the electroencephalographic (EEG) effect (11.5-30 Hz) was determined in rats in conjunction with plasma concentrations. Alphaxalone was administered as a continuous intravenous infusion of 0, 1.2...

background: proper analgesic agents should be used in combination with sedative agents. remifentanil is a synthetic narcotic/analgesic agent with a short duration effect and decreases the risk of apnea during recovery. bispectral index system (bis) is a new noninvasive technique for the evaluation of the depth of sedation. the aim of present clinical trial was to evaluate and compare the effi c...

A 28-year old female was admitted with recurrent seizures following 2 days of febrile illness, after which she developed status epilepticus. Midazolam and later thiopentone infusions were started after failure of regular intravenous antiepileptics. Burst suppression was achieved at doses of 3 mg/kg/hr for midazolam and 6 mg/kg/hr of thiopentone. Adjunctive medications included methylprednisolon...

The cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) enzymes represent one of the most important drug-metabolizing systems in humans. Recently, our group has generated cytochrome P450 3A knockout mice to study this drug-handling system in vivo. In the present study, we have characterized the Cyp3a knockout mice by studying the metabolism of midazolam, one of the most widely used probes to assess CYP3A activity. We e...

OBJECTIVE Acute seizure attack is a stressful experience both for health care personnel and parents. These attacks might cause morbidity and mortality among patients, so reliable methods to control the seizure preferably at home should be developed. This study was performed to measure the time needed to control seizure attacks using intranasal midazolam compared to the common treatment (intrave...