BACKGROUND The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in neonates is 3.3%, but this value has not been verified in Chinese neonates and the effect of different doses of fentanyl on MAC in neonates has not been investigated. This study was designed to determine the ED₅₀ and ED₉₅ values of sevoflurane in Chinese neonates with and without fentanyl. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety-three ...

The treatment of selected respiratory problems in newbom infants by intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) combined with naso-tracheal intubation is now well established as a routine procedure in Aberdeen, and it would be unfortunate if ill-founded fears prevented the wider use of this valuable technique. The method we use has been recorded elsewhere (Reid and Tunstall, 1966), but we...

PURPOSE Congenital dacryocystocele is a rare anomaly in the newborn child. The swelling of lachrymal sac is observed by birth and it is associated with obstruction of lachrymal system either above or below lachrymal sac. METHODS Diagnosis was made by clinical observation. Some ancillary examinations, such as ultrasonography, tomography, and rhinoscopy, were useful. RESULTS The authors descr...

Teratomas which originate from two or three germ layers are the most common congenital tumors of the childhood and are usually observed in the sacrococcygeal region. The nasopharynx is a considerably rare localization. Nazopharyngeal tumors may lead to significant findings including apnea, respiratory distress and stridor in newborns. In this study, a female newborn who developed respiratory di...

Transgenic/knockout mice with pre-defined mutations have become increasingly popular in biomedical research as models of human diseases. In some instances, the resulting mutation may cause cardiorespiratory distress in the neonatal or adult animals and may necessitate resuscitation. Here we describe the design and testing of a miniature and versatile ventilator that can deliver varying ventilat...

Objective: To compare the results and complications of monocanalicular and bicanalicular Ritleng intubation under endoscopic guidance in patients with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Methods: This prospective study was performed on 24 patients with congenital NLD obstruction in the age between (2-5 years), divided into 2 groups. Group (A) underwent monocanalicular intubation, while gr...

BACKGROUND The use of Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Ventilation (NCPAP) has begun to increase and is progressively replacing conventional mechanical ventilation (MV), becoming the cornerstone treatment for newborn respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). However, NCPAP use in Lower-Middle Income Countries (LMICs) is poor. Moreover, bubble NCPAP (bNCPAP), for efficacy, cost effectiveness...

In the first case, the AA and glucose were infused through a perinatal port system into the umbilical vein at 30 weeks' gestation due to severe IUGR. The patient received daily hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO, 100% O2 ) with 1.4 atmospheres absolute for 50 min for 7 days. At 31+4  weeks' gestation, the patient gave birth spontaneously to a newborn weighing 1378 g, pH 7.33, APGAR score 4/6/intubatio...

Safavi et al. (1) examined whether hydralazine, nitroglycerin or nifedipine effectively attenuates the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in severe preeclamptic women undergoing cesarean delivery under general anesthesia. They found that continuous intravenous (IV) infusion of nitroglycerin was more effective in attenuating the pressor response than IV hydralazine 5-10...

Neonatal intubation is one of the most common procedures performed by neonatologists, however, the procedure is difficult and high risk. Neonates who endure the procedure often experience adverse events, including bradycardia and severe oxygen desaturations. Because of low first attempt success rates, neonates are often subjected to multiple intubation attempts before the endotracheal tube is s...