When firms can protect their innovations by secrecy or lead-time, the additional effect of patent protection is not obvious. This paper shows that when firms compete for a single innovation, patent protection still increases R&D investment but decreases social welfare due to over-investment. However, when firms compete for multiple complementary patents (called a patent portfolio), patent prote...

In this paper we propose to do portfolio management using reinforcement learning (RL) and independent factor model. Factors in independent factor model are mutually independent and exhibit better predictability. RL is applied to each factor to capture temporal dependence and provide investment suggestion on factor. Optimal weights on factors are found by portfolio optimization method subject to...

the portfolio is a perfect combination of stock or assets, which an investor buys them. the objective of the portfolio is to divide the investment risk among several shares. using non-parametric dea and dea-r methods can be of great significance in estimating portfolio. in the present paper, the efficient portfolio is estimated by using non-radial dea and dea-r models. by proposing non-radial m...

In this study, a double-stage genetic optimization algorithm is proposed for portfolio selection. In the first stage, a genetic algorithm is used to identify good quality assets in terms of asset ranking. In the second stage, investment allocation in the selected good quality assets is optimized using a genetic algorithm based on Markowitz’s theory. Through the two-stage genetic optimization pr...

This paper examines the risk of value investing from the point of view of a myopic loss-averse investor holding a diversified portfolio and relying on infrequent portfolio rebalancing. This closely resembles purchasing a large portfolio, such as those created by BARRA, and following a buy-and-hold investment strategy. In these circumstances, which portfolio, value or growth, is riskier to a myo...

Since Markowitz (1952) formulated the portfolio selection problem, many researchers have developed models aggregating simultaneously several conflicting attributes such as: the return on investment, risk and liquidity. The portfolio manager generally seeks the best combination of stocks/assets that meets his/ her investment objectives. The Goal Programming (GP) model is widely applied to financ...

in every society the optimal performance of economic system is depened upon two efjkient, powerful and administered sections: real and financial. the existence of different institutions in financial markets make different financial instruments available to real section. investment companies are among active financial institutions which collect small amounts ofcapital by selling thier shares and...

In this paper we present a framework, i.e. a concept and design as well as results with a prototypical implementation of a metaheuristic-based decision support system PM-DSS c © for portfolio optimization and managing investment guidelines. PM-DSS c © can be used for active as well as passive fund management. 1 The general problem In this paper we present a framework, i.e. a concept and design ...

In order to assess how individual small investors have reacted to recent adverse events in world financial markets and whether these reactions are mediated by their risk attitudes, a survey was administered to N=120 members of a university community. The survey administered a standard risk tolerance instrument, augmented with questions on specific aspects of attitudes towards risk and uncertain...

In this paper we present and illustrate using real-life data a framework for managing an investment portfolio in which the investment opportunities are described in terms of a set of attributes and part of this set is intended to capture the effects on society. Here we link with the emerging literature on SRI: socially responsible investment. Given the multi-attribute descriptions of the indivi...