Humans can program and control movements, including breathing-related movements. On the electroencephalogram (EEG), this preparation is accompanied by a low-amplitude negativity starting approximately 2.5 s before inspiration that is best known as a Bereitschaftspotential (BP). The presence of BPs has been described during the compensation of mechanical inspiratory loading, thus identifying a c...

Previous studies have shown a preferential loss of grey matter in fronto-temporal regions in patients with multiple sclerosis. Studies of correlates of disease severity are more controversial, because some studies have suggested an association between sensorimotor cortex atrophy and Expanded Disability Status Scale score, while others did not find such a correlation. The objective of this study...

Incidental vocabulary acquisition is the primary way for second language learners to acquire knowledge and adding glosses has been proven a great contributor this process. Generally speaking, refer translation equivalent words, L2 synonyms or brief explanations of target words. This paper reviewed studies on role in incidental reading terms gloss languages, types, locations modalities. Findings...

Among clinicians, it is common practice to include parents in treatment, and it has been taken for granted that parents' involvement in their children's treatment is beneficial for therapy outcome, although research on this issue is far from clear. A meta-analysis was carried out in order to investigate whether parent involvement potentiates the outcome for children with anxiety disorders when ...

The present study investigated the relation between thought suppression of emotionally neutral content [i.e., Wegner's (1994) "white bear"], incidental traumatic thought intrusion, and skin conductance responses in combat-related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Participants included service members who either: a) had PTSD following an Operation Iraqi Freedom deployment; b) were free of ps...

We tested the predictions of HyGene (Thomas et al., 2008) that both divided attention at encoding and judgment should affect the degree to which participants' probability judgments violate the principle of additivity. In two experiments, we showed that divided attention during judgment leads to an increase in subadditivity, suggesting that the comparison process for probability judgments is cap...

The processing of noun-phrase (NP) anaphors in discourse is argued to reflect constraints on the activation and processing of semantic information in working memory. The proposed theory views NP anaphor processing as an optimization process that is based on the principle that processing cost, defined in terms of activating semantic information, should serve some discourse function--identifying ...

Although it seems intuitive to address the issue of reduced plantar cutaneous feedback by augmenting it, many approaches have adopted compensatory sensory cues, such as tactile input from another part body, for multiple reasons including easiness and accessibility. The efficacy might be limited due cognitive involvement interpret cues. objective this study is test hypothesis that augmentation m...