The Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the NIH sponsored a workshop on May 12-13, 2011, to bring together representatives from various NIH institutes and centers as a first step in developing an NIH iodine research initiative. The workshop also provided an opportunity to identify research needs that would inform the dietary reference intakes for iodine, which were last revised in 2001. Iodi...

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of topical administration of 0.5% povidone-iodine in experimental Fusarium solani keratitis in rabbits. METHODS Fungal keratitis caused by Fusarium solani was induced in the right eye of 24 New Zealand rabbits. The rabbits were randomly divided into 3 different treatment groups: Group I (povidone-iodine) - treated with topical 0.5% povidone-iodine; Group II (n...

BACKGROUND Iodine intake is often measured by a surrogate measure, namely urine iodine excretion as almost all ingested iodine is excreted in the urine. However, the methods for urine collection and the reporting of the results vary. These methods, and their advantages and disadvantages, are considered in this article. SUMMARY There are two main ways in which urine can be collected for iodine...

Investigations concerning the level of iodine in the blood have been an aid in the better understanding of the metabolism of iodine in normal individuals and in patients with goiter. Experimental studies have established a relation between the thyroid gland and the metabolism of iodine. Clinical observations have shown that. the abnormal physiological processes manifest in exophthalmic goiter m...

Radioactive isotopes of iodine are themost common radiological toxins from nuclear accidents due to their high release and high enrichment in human thyroid. Among the radioactive isotopes, long-lived I can not only be used for the estimation of the radioactive risk of short-lived radioactive isotopes of iodine to humans and ecosystems, but also for the investigation of the biogeochemical cycle ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the iodine status and knowledge and practices related to iodine nutrition of Australian women during pregnancy. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at a public antenatal clinic in the Illawarra region of New South Wales. One hundred thirty-nine pregnant women across all trimesters provided a spot urine sample (n = 110) and completed a short questionnaire (n = 139...

In the presence of iodine at pH 5.0-6.0 a solution of pepsin absorbs iodine and the specific proteolytic activity of the solution decreases. The activity is less than 1 per cent of the original activity when the number of iodine atoms per mol of pepsin is 35-40. If the pH is 4.5 or less, iodine reacts very slowly and there is a correspondingly slower loss in activity. Glycyl tyrosine reacts wit...

In past decades, researchers in various countries have studied the consequences of iodine deficiency on the mental and physical development of children and adults. Iodine deficiency proved to have disastrous consequences on cognitive and psychomotor development for a limited group (i.e., DeLong 1989). These are the so-called cretins, who make up more than 10% of the population in some areas. Th...

Iodine is a trace element required by the body for an increasing number of identified physiologic functions. This element belongs to the halogen family of elements, a group of highly reactive nonmetals that includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and astatine. Iodine is found naturally in large amounts in seafood such as kelp and saltwater fish. Most iodine intake in the United States is from iod...

We study multiphoton resonances in a strongly driven three-level quantum system, where one level is periodically swept through a pair of levels with constant energy separation E. Near the multiphoton resonance condition nℏω=E, where n is an integer, we find qualitatively different behavior for n even or odd. We explain this phenomenon in terms of families of interfering trajectories of the mult...