In this study, a regional climate model (RCM) is employed to investigate the effect of irrigation on hydrology over California through implementing a “realistic irrigation” scheme. Our results indicate that the RCMwith a realistic irrigation scheme commonly practiced in California can capture the soil moisture and evapotranspiration (ET) variation very well in comparison with the available in s...

daho has approximately 4 million acres of irrigated agricultural land. Most of it is in pasture and hay crops, grain crops, potatoes, and sugar beets, in hierarchical order. Table 1 shows the number of irrigated acres in the state by crop for 1994. Nearly all of this land is irrigated by either sprinklers (59 percent) or surface irrigation systems (40 percent), with only a very small amount (le...

BACKGROUND The clinical benefit of chronic suppression with oral antibiotics as a salvage treatment for periprosthetic joint infection is unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare infection-free prosthetic survival rates between patients who received chronic oral antibiotics and those who did not following irrigation and debridement with polyethylene exchange or two-stage revision for p...

BACKGROUND Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is known to have a substantial recurrence rate. Artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACF) is an effective irrigation solution in general open craniotomy and endoneurosurgery, but no evidence of its use in burr-hole surgery exists. OBJECTIVE To identify the potential of ACF irrigation to prevent CSDH recurrence. More specifically, to investigate the perio...

There is controversy among neurosurgeons regarding whether irrigation or drainage is necessary for achieving a lower revision rate for the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) using burr-hole craniostomy (BHC). Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of all available published reports. Multiple electronic health databases were searched to identify all studies published between 1989 and...

The cylindrical filters presently used in drip irrigation systems frequently clog, increasing pressure loss and lowering the flow rate through the filters. This work investigates alternative filtration strategies that increase the reliability of, and are compatible with, existing systems. To test different filtration strategies, a drip irrigation test setup was built to measure the pressure los...

An agricultural water conservation policy prevalent worldwide encourages producers to improve on-farm irrigation efficiency. Contrary to intention, increasing empirical evidence reveals that this policy may set an ‘irrigation efficiency trap’ that worsens water crises by reducing water supplies and jeopardizing economic growth. We derive a pair of testable hydrologic-economic conditions require...

Moisture control is one the most important parameters in biofilters for air pollution control. Biofilters tend to experience drying at the air inlet port, which causes decreased pollutant removal over time. In this study, the installation of an irrigation system within the lower part of the biofilter bed was proposed, and its effect was quantified in a laboratory scale biofilter operated side b...

The precious irrigation is great significance for arid and semiarid area. According to the special environment of greenhouse, a fuzzy control algorithm was proposed to make an optimal irrigation strategy based on the actual measured soil humidity during the whole plant growth process. The fuzzy control system had two inputs (soil humidity error and its rate) and one output (water level differen...

Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) is a routine treatment for cardiac arrhythmias. During RFCA, the electrode-tissue interface temperature should be kept below 80 °C to avoid thrombus formation. Open-irrigated electrodes facilitate power delivery while keeping low temperatures around the catheter. No computational model of an open-irrigated electrode in endocardial RFCA accounting for both...