1. Adeniji OA, Barnett CB, Di Palma JA. Durability of the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome based on clinical criteria. Dig Dis Sci 2004;49:572-4. 2. Cremonini F, Talley NJ. Diagnostic and therapeutic strat­ egies in the irritable bowel syndrome. Minerva Med 2004;95:427-41. 3. Cremonini F, Talley NJ. Irritable bowel syndrome: epide­ miology, natural history, health care seeking and emerging...

Probiotics have seen widespread use for a variety of gastrointestinal problems, especially in two common disorders: irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. Since a wide variety of probiotic preparations has been used, and despite a large number of studies performed, a great deal of heterogeneity exists among them. Straightforward evidence-based recommendations for the use of pr...

43 INTRODUCTION Irritable bowel syndrome is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by an alteration in bowel habit with abdominal pain in the absence of detectable structural disease (1). It is characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort in association with diarrhea, constipation, alternating diarrhea and constipation, or a mixture of these symptoms. It occurs in approximately 10%–20% of t...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Irritable bowel syndrome patients form a heterogeneous group with a variable contribution of central and peripheral components. The peripheral component is prominent in irritable bowel syndrome developing after infection (post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome) and this has proved a profitable area of research. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have overthrown the dogma that ...

The growth and patterning of Drosophila wing and notum primordia depend on their subdivision into progressively smaller domains by secreted signals that emanate from localized sources termed organizers. While the mechanisms that organize the wing primordium have been studied extensively, those that organize the notum are incompletely understood. The genes odd-skipped (odd), drumstick (drm), sob...

Irritable bowel syndrome is a disorder of gut-brain interaction that leads to a significant healthcare burden worldwide. A good physician-patient relationship is fundamental in managing patients who suffer from this poorly understood chronic disease. We highlight possible reasons for breakdown in communication between physicians and irritable bowel syndrome sufferers and suggest possible ways t...

Introduction Primary goal in surgical management of chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma is the creation of a dry, safe ear through removal of disease and prevention of recurrence. Canal wall up (CWU) techniques preserve the anatomy of the posterior canal wall, eliminating the need for periodic bowl cleaning and avoiding the risk of recurrent bowl infections. However, the recurrence rate may...

The B3LYP/6-31++G** density functional calculations were used to obtain minimum geometries and interaction energies between the molecular hydrogen and nanostructures of fullerenes, C20 (cage), C20 (bowl), C19Si (bowl, penta), C19Si (bowl, hexa). The H2 molecule is set as adsorbed in the distance of 3Å at vertical position from surface above the pentagonal and hexagonal sites of nanostructures. ...

This paper analyses the scope for collusive behaviour within the context of an international duopoly supergame in which both firms and monopoly labour unions interact strategically. We find that the presence of unions, implying an endogenisation of production costs, dramatically alters the incentives for inter-firm collusion. There are, however, strong incentives for the unions to collude, rais...