PURPOSE To investigate the effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and adenosine as strategies to protect cardiac injury caused by intestinal IR in rats, based on increasing in adenosine bioavailability and improvement of cell energy state by IPC. METHODS Male Wistar rats were submitted to 60 minutes of intestinal ischemia and 120 minutes of reperfusion. Intravenous injections of saline or A...

BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence pinpoints to the pivotal role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in the signal transduction underlying cardiac preconditioning. METHODS PD98059, an inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (MEK-ERK1/2), and SB203580, an inhibitor of p38 MAPK, were used to evaluate the role of MAPKs with respect to postischemic functional recovery in...

The use of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) to protect the myocardium is usually not effective in elderly patients. The aim of the present study was to design new methods to achieve enhanced myocardial protection, based on the differential role of endogenous adenosine (ADO) and ADO receptors (ARs) in the effects of IPC on young and old animals. An improved New Zealand white rabbit model of ischem...

Sublethal ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a powerful inducer of ischemic brain tolerance. However, its underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. In this study, we chose four different IPC paradigms, namely 5 min (5 min duration), 5×5 min (5 min duration, 2 episodes, 15-min interval), 5×5×5 min (5 min duration, 3 episodes, 15-min intervals), and 15 min (15 min duration), and demonst...

Background—Ischemic heart disease is the greatest cause of death in Western countries. The deleterious effects of cardiac ischemia are ameliorated by ischemic preconditioning (IPC), in which transient ischemia protects against subsequent severe ischemia/reperfusion injury. IPC activates multiple signaling pathways, including the reperfusion injury salvage kinase pathway (mainly PI3K-Akt-glycoge...

Objective: To evaluate the effects of different times of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on intestinal bacterial translocation (BT). Methods: Thirty Wistar rats weighing 280 ± 27g were divided into five groups. In the IR group (n = 6), laparotomy was performed and the superior mesenteric artery was occluded by an atraumatic microclamp for 30 minutes. In the four preconditioning groups (n = 6 eac...

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) strongly protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury; however, its effect on subsequent myocardial oxygenation is unknown. Therefore, we determine in an in vivo mouse model of regional ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) if IPC attenuates postischemic myocardial hyperoxygenation and decreases formation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), with preservation o...

Ischemic tolerance in brain develops when sublethal ischemic insults occur before "lethal" cerebral ischemia. Two windows for the induction of tolerance by ischemic preconditioning (IPC) have been proposed: one that occurs within 1 hour after IPC, and another that occurs 1 or 2 days after IPC. The authors tested the hypotheses that IPC would reduce or prevent ischemia-induced mitochondrial dysf...

mRNA GRANULES AND ISCHEMIC PRECONDITIONINGbyMICHELLE R. SMITHDecember 2012Advisor: Donald J. DeGracia, Ph.D.Major: PhysiologyDegree: Master of ScienceBrain ischemia and reperfusion that occurs after stroke and cardiac arrest,causes translation arrest (TA) in neurons which is irreversible in neurons that willundergo delayed neuronal death. TA is linked to ...

The role of other STAT subtypes in conferring ischemic tolerance is unclear. We hypothesized that in STAT-3 deletion alternative STAT subtypes would protect myocardial function against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Wild-type (WT) male C57BL/6 mice or mice with cardiomyocyte STAT-3 knockout (KO) underwent baseline echocardiography. Langendorff-perfused hearts underwent ischemic preconditioning (I...