biomechanical properties of soft tissue, such as liver, are important in modeling computer aided surgical procedures. experimental evidences show that liver tissue is transversely isotropic. in this article, considering the liver tissue as an incompressible fiber-reinforced composite with one family of fibers, an exponential strain energy function (sef) is proposed. the proposed sef is based on...

Most of the observational claims in cosmology are based on the assumption that the universe is isotropic and homogeneous so they essentially test different types of Friedmann models. This also refers to recent observations of supernovae Ia, which, within the framework of Friedmann cosmologies give strong support to negative pressure matter and also weaken the age conflict. In this essay we drop...

When averaged over large solid angles, the cosmic ray intensity measured by the Fly's Eye reveals no statistically significant anisotropy. The sky is divided into 6 quadrilateral regions of equal solid angle which are centered on the directions of the galactic coordinate system's axes. For each of nine energy bands, we compare the number of detected cosmic rays in each region with the number ex...

To maximize the number of transients discovered on the sky, should skymonitoring projects stare at one location or continually jump from location to location, tiling the sky? If tiling is preferred, what cadence maximizes the discovery rate? As sky monitoring is a growing part of astronomical observing, utilized to find such phenomena as supernovae, microlensing, and planet transits, well thoug...

The visible and NIR maximum degree of polarization (DoP) of cloud-free skylight depends on many factors, including wavelength, sun zenith angle, surface reflectance, and aerosol properties. For clear-sky environments, radiative transfer models accurately estimate the sky DoP when each of these properties is well constrained. (The model used here was recently compared with full-sky polarization ...

In the present paper, the Zelt algorithm has been extended for ray tracing through an anisotropic model. In anisotropic media, the direction of the propagated energy generally differs from that of the plane-wave propagation. This makes velocity values to be varied in different directions. Therefore, velocity modeling in such media is completely different from that in an isotropic media. The vel...

We discuss the derivation of the analytic properties of the cross-power spectrum estimator from multi-detector CMB anisotropy maps. The method is computationally convenient and it provides unbiased estimates under very broad assumptions. We also propose a new procedure for testing for the presence of residual bias due to inappropriate noise subtraction in pseudo-C ℓ estimates. We derive the ana...

The impact of target bidirectional reflectance in dual field of view spectroscopy was described and quantified using field measurements and ray-tracing simulations. A data-driven normalization method was developed to convert reflectance factors under cloud obscured conditions into clear sky reflectance by decomposing the target bidirectional reflectance into an isotropic target-specific compone...

We present a new method to measure the episodic lifetime of quasars with current and future large-scale sky surveys. Future photometric observations of large samples of confirmed quasars can provide a direct measurement (or interesting lower limit) to the lifetime of an individual episode of quasar activity (tQ) and potentially enable the study of post-quasar host galaxies. Photometric observat...

We employ a sequence of Doppler images obtained with the Coronal Multi-channel Polarimeter (CoMP) instrument to perform time-distance seismology of the solar corona. We construct the first k−ω diagrams of the region. These allow us to separate outward and inward propagating waves and estimate the spatial variation of the plane-of-sky projected phase speed, and the relative amount of outward and...