Vitamin D metabolites have been extensively studied as cancer chemopreventive agents. Gc-globulin (GC) isotypes, based on rs7041 and rs4588 diplotypes, have varying affinities for 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), which may affect circulating metabolite concentration as well as delivery at the cellular level. We evaluated associations between GC isotype an...

Abstract. Let G be the semidirect product A1 ⋉ A of the adeles and the norm 1 ideles. Let Γ be the discrete subgroup Q× ⋉Q. In this paper the trace formula for this setting is established and used to give the complete decomposition of the G-representation on L2(Γ\G). It turns out that every character of the norm-1 idele class group gives a one dimensional isotype and the complement of those con...

Background: Measles is a contagious respiratory viral infection that accompanied with skin rash. Vaccination against measles has reduced the prevalence of the disease but sporadic measles epidemic still occurred in young people. This study, was carried out for the response evaluation of immunity against measles in Iranian soldiers living in garrisons. Methods: In this study based on the history...

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) from the rabbit strain Basilea was previously shown to contain two distinct populations of molecules one with light chain belonging to the known lambda isotype and the others to a new kappa-like L chain type. Alloantisera prepared against the Basilea IgG are directed against the kappa-like light chain (anti-bas antisera). All Basilea rabbits express kappa-like chains reco...

The isotype control has long been considered a useful part of both microscopic and flow cytometric immunologic assays, and, consequently, is still routinely used in clinical laboratories. In flow cytometry, the isotype control has traditionally been used to distinguish between fluorescent positive and fluorescent negative cell populations. Additionally, it has been used to estimate the number o...

BACKGROUND From humans to frogs, immunoglobulin class switching introduces different effector functions to antibodies through an intrachromosomal DNA recombination process at the heavy-chain locus. Although there are two conventional antibody classes (IgM, IgW) in sharks, their heavy chains are encoded by 20 to >100 miniloci. These representatives of the earliest jawed vertebrates possess a pri...