Jacobson argues that our statement that "many climate models may overestimate warming by BC" has not been demonstrated. Jacobson challenges our results on the basis that we have misinterpreted some model results, omitted optical focusing under high relative humidity conditions and by involatile components, and because our measurements consist of only two locations over short atmospheric time pe...

Introduction ............................................................................................. 1716 I. Background ................................................................................... 1718 A. Protection of Public Health in Jacobson v. Massachusetts ... 1718 B. Strict Scrutiny and the Fundamental Right ............................ 1721 C. Individual Liberty and the Righ...

A result of Artin, Small, and Zhang is used to show that a noetherian algebra over a commutative, noetherian Jacobson ring will be Jacobson if the algebra possesses a locally finite, noetherian associated graded ring. This result is extended to show that if an algebra over a commutative noetherian ring has a locally finite, noetherian associated graded ring, then the intersection of the powers ...

Every countable directed graph generates a Fock space Hilbert space and a family of partial isometries. These operators also arise from the left regular representations of free semigroupoids derived from directed graphs. We develop a structure theory for the weak operator topology closed algebras generated by these representations, which we call free semigroupoid algebras. We characterize semis...