Foreignness is threatening. The immune system, the primary arbiter of self and nonself, will reject an organ transplant unless constrained by life-long administration of multiple immune suppressive drugs. Immunosuppressive therapy, while facilitating graft success, heightens susceptibility to infection and the development of malignancy. The challenge then is to educate the immune system to tole...

The finite difference method represents a highly straightforward and logical approach to approximating continuous problems using discrete methods. At its heart is a simple idea: substitute finite, discrete differences for derivatives in some way appropriate for a given problem, make the time and space steps the right size, run the difference method, and get an approximation of the answer. Many ...