We demonstrated a continuous viewing angle controllable liquid crystal display (LCD) adopting a thermally variable retardation layer (TVRL) using nematic liquid crystal with transparent electric-heating lines to control temperature. The simulated and experimental results of the proposed LCD show continuous and symmetric viewing angle characteristics by tuning the retardation of TVRL using Joule...

Limited internal phonon coupling and transfer within graphene in the out-of-plane direction significantly affects graphene-substrate interfacial phonon coupling and scattering, and leads to unique interfacial thermal transport phenomena. Through the simultaneous characterization of graphene and SiC Raman peaks, it is possible, for the first time, to distinguish the temperature of a graphene lay...

In this study, a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of methoxy-poly (ethylene-glycol)-silane (mPEG-sil) was used to modify the silicon dioxide surface of polysilicon nanodevices (PNDs) to act as a passivation layer that inhibits nonspecific binding of proteins and reduces localized Joule heating power. Selective modifications of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS), NHS-biotin and dye-labeled Stre...

Accurate knowledge of thermophysical properties is needed to predict and optimize the thermal performance of microsystems. Thermal conductivity is experimentally determined by measuring quantities such as voltage or temperature and then inferring a thermal conductivity from a thermal model. Thermal models used for data analysis contain inherent assumptions, and the resultant thermal conductivit...

[1] The ionospheric feedback instability has been invoked as a possible mechanism for the formation of narrow auroral arcs. This instability can excite eigenmodes of both field line resonances and the ionospheric Alfvén resonator, producing narrow-scale structures. Although the basic dispersion relation of this instability has been discussed for both of these cases, the energetics of this insta...

The influence of the solar proton event (SPE) 14– 16 July 2000 on Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes (PMSE) is examined. PMSE were observed by the Esrange VHF MST Radar (ESRAD) at 6753 N, 2106 E. The 30 MHz Imaging Riometer for Ionospheric Studies IRIS in Kilpisjärvi (6930 N, 2047 E) registered cosmic radio noise absorption caused by ionisation changes in response to the energetic particle precipit...

Joule heating and negative dielectrophoresis, caused by AC electric fields in a microchannel, have been employed for cloud point extraction of phospholipid as a model of membrane-associated biomolecules.

Context. Many thermally emitting, isolated neutron stars have magnetic fields that are larger than 1013 G. A realistic cooling model that includes the presence of high magnetic fields should be reconsidered. Aims. We investigate the effects of an anisotropic temperature distribution and Joule heating on the cooling of magnetized neutron stars. Methods. The 2D heat transfer equation with anisotr...