This article analyzes under which conditions a manager can motivate a junior worker by verbal communication, and explains why communication is often tied up with organizational choices as job enlargement and collaboration. Our model has two important features. First, the manager has more information about a junior’s ability than the junior himself. Second, the junior’s effort and ability are co...

BackgroundProviding healthcare for students is one of the primary duties of the states. This study aimed to analyze the contents of the science textbooks of Junior High School course in terms of the components of health education in Iran.Materials and MethodsThis descriptive study was conducted through content analysis. To collect data, a researcher-made check list including: physical health, n...

This paper presents a model for the explanation of examination (GCSE) performance at the age of 16 years in terms of both secondary and junior school attended together with prior achievement measures and certain background factors. Using a cohort of 758 students in 48 junior schools and 116 secondary schools it compares the variation in performance due to secondary schools with that due to juni...

PURPOSE Body structure and physical development must be addressed when preparing junior athletes for their first season in a senior competition. The aim of this preliminary study was to measure the extent of the assumption that final year junior Australian Football (AF) athletes are at a physical mismatch to their senior counterparts. METHODS Twenty-one male participants (17.71 ± 0.27 y) were...

BACKGROUND Burnout is known to occur in public service workers leading to a reduction in effectiveness at work. AIM To estimate the prevalence of burnout in junior doctors and its impact on patient care. METHODS A cross-sectional study of junior doctors at three hospitals in Mexico City was conducted. Measures used included the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), measuring depersonalization (D...

OBJECTIVES To investigate how well junior doctors in accident and emergency (A&E) were able to diagnose significant x ray abnormalities after trauma and to compare their results with those of more senior doctors. METHODS 49 junior doctors (senior house officers) in A&E were tested with an x ray quiz in a standard way. Their results were compared with 34 consultants and senior registrars in A&...

INTRODUCTION The importance of supervision and of surgeons' level of experience in relation to patient outcome have been demonstrated in both hip fracture and arthroplasty surgery. The aim of this study was to describe the surgeons' experience level and the extent of supervision for: 1) fracture-related surgery in general; 2) the three most frequent primary operations and reoperations; and 3) p...

BACKGROUND The transition from medical student to hospital-based first year junior doctor (termed "intern" in Australia) is known to be challenging, and recent changes in clinical learning environments may reduce graduate preparedness for the intern workplace. Although manageable challenges and transitions are a stimulus to learning, levels of burnout in junior medical colleagues are concerning...

OBJECTIVE A survey was undertaken to determine the factors that affect interest in cardiothoracic surgery (CTS) among junior surgical residents in Nigeria. METHODS A cross-sectional study was done using a pilottested, 56-item, semi-structured questionnaire, which was filled in by 238 junior surgical residents in accredited hospitals in Nigeria. RESULTS Few of the respondents (8.4%) were com...

To the Editor: Medical research capacity development is a national priority to improve healthcare in South Africa (SA). The 2011 National Health Research Summit set a target of training 1 000 doctoral candidates in health sciences over the next 10 years. We advocate revitalised research training opportunities for junior clinicians to help achieve this target and to contribute to the creation of...