introduction salinity is a major abiotic stress that affects approximately 7% of the world’s total land area. cotton (gossypium barbadense l.) is considered as one of the most important cash crops which is widely used for agricultural and industrial purposes. although, cotton is classified as one of the most salt-tolerant major crops but its growth and development are adversely affected by soil...

We show that the empirical risk minimization (ERM) problem for neural networks has no solution in general. Given a training set $$s_1, \ldots , s_n \in {\mathbb {R}}^p$$ with corresponding responses $$t_1,\ldots ,t_n {R}}^q$$ fitting k-layer network $$\nu _\theta : {R}}^p \rightarrow involves estimation of weights $$\theta {R}}^m$$ via an ERM: $$\begin{aligned} \inf _{\theta {R}}^m} \ \sum _{i=...

Frost damage to the flowers and early developing fruits is one of the most limiting factors in the most almond cultivation regions of the world. This study was undertaken to help understand almond response to frost spring at same phenological stage, in order to develop criteria for the selection of cultivars with improved resistance to frost on the basis of field and laboratory experiments. In ...

In recent years, biodiesel has been considered as a good alternative of diesel fuels. Density and viscosity are two important properties of these fuels. In this study, density and kinematic viscosity of biodiesel-diesel blends were estimated by using artificial neural network (ANN). A three-layer feed forward neural network with Levenberg-Marquard (LM) algorithm was used for learning empirical ...

this study was carried out in order to evaluate the changes of nitrogen, phosphor and potassium uptake by wheat and remaining of them in soil under foliar application of leonardite and foliar application of n and k. the experiment was conducted in gorgan university of agricultural sciences and natural resources during 2013- 2014. the experiment was laid out a using split-plot arrangement based ...

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a method used for measuring the efficiency of decision-making units‎. Unlike the standard models‎, ‎which assume decision-making units to be a black box‎, ‎network data envelopment analysis focuses on the internal structure of these units‎. ‎Some researchers have developed a two-stage method where all the inputs are entirely used in the first stage‎, ‎producin...

Abstract We provide an analytic expression for the quantity described in the title. Namely, we perform a preferential attachment growth process to generate a scale-free network. At each stage we add a new node with m new links. Let k denote the degree of a node, and N the number of nodes in the network. The degree distribution is assumed to converge to a power-law (for k ≥ m) of the form k and ...

The idea of k-adaptability in two-stage robust optimization is to calculate a fixed number k of second-stage policies here-and-now. After the actual scenario is revealed, the best of these policies is selected. This idea leads to a min-max-min problem. In this paper, we consider the case where no first stage variables exist and propose to use this approach to solve combinatorial optimization pr...