Chirality—or ‘handedness’—is a symmetry property crucial to fields as diverse as biology, chemistry and high-energy physics. In graphene, chiral symmetry emerges naturally as a consequence of the carbon honeycomb lattice. This symmetry can be broken by interactions that couple electrons with opposite momenta in graphene. Here we directly visualize the formation of Kekulé bond order, one such ph...

Fibonacenes (zig-zag unbranched catacondensed benzenoid hydrocarbons) are a class of polycyclic conjugated systems whose molecular graphs possess remarkable properties, often related with the Fibonacci numbers. This article is a review of the chemical graph theory of fibonacenes, with emphasis on their Kekulé–structure–related and Clar–structure–related properties. ————————————————— ∗Supported ...

Zone-boundary phonons are described in a valence-force-field model and then converted into a continuum model. Only a mode with the highest frequency corresponding to a Kekulé-type distortion gives rise to inter-valley electron scattering between K and K’ points. An effective Hamiltonian for this interaction is obtained and used for the estimation of inter-valley scattering in graphene and nanot...

We consider the interplay between the antiferromagnetic and Kekulé valence bond solid orderings in the zero energy Landau levels of neutral monolayer and bilayer graphene. We establish the presence of Wess-Zumino-Witten terms between these orders: this implies that their quantum fluctuations are described by the deconfined critical theories of quantum spin systems. We present implications for e...

In this work, we analyze a series of o-hydroxyaryl aldehydes to discuss the interrelation between the resonance-assisted hydrogen bond (RAHB) formation and the aromaticity of the adjacent aromatic rings. As compared to the nonaromatic reference species (malonaldehyde), the studied compounds can be separated into two groups: first, the set of systems that have a stronger RAHB than that of the re...