We studied electrostatic charging of ice films induced by the impact of 1−200-keV Ar+ ions and their subsequent discharging postirradiation. We derived the positive surface electrostatic potential from the kinetic energy of sputtered molecular ions and with a Kelvin probe. Measurements were performed as a function of film thickness, temperature, and ion energy. Charging requires that the projec...

The otolith organs were modeled mathematically as a 3-element system consisting of a viscous endolymph fluid in contact with a rigid otoconial layer that is attached to the skull by a gel layer. The gel layer was considered to be viscoelastic solid, and was modeled as a simple Kelvin material. The governing differential equations of motion were derived and nondimensionalized, yielding 3 nondime...

Reconnections of quantum vortex filaments create sharp bends which degenerate into propagating Kelvin waves. These waves cascade their energy down-scale and their waveaction up-scale via weakly nonlinear interactions, and this is the main mechanism of turbulence at the scales less than the inter-vortex distance. In case of an idealised forcing concentrated around a single scale k0, the turbulen...

We use the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) condition with particle and magnetic field observations from Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment MAG on Juno along dawn flank of Jupiter's magnetosphere. identify occurrence magnetopause crossings that show evidence being KH (Kelvin-Helmholtz) unstable. When estimating k vector to be parallel velocity shear, we find 25 62 (40%) satisfy KHI condi...

A baroclinic shallow-water model is developed to investigate the e€ect of the orientation of the eastern ocean boundary on the behavior of equatorial Kelvin waves. The model is formulated in a spherical polar coordinate system and includes dissipation and nonlinear terms, e€ects which have not been previously included in analytical approaches to the problem. Both equatorial and middle latitude ...

A derivation of chemical equilibrium equations for a spherical thin film of solution around a soluble solid nanoparticle is presented. The equations obtained generalize the Gibbs-Kelvin-Kohler and Ostwald-Freundlich equations for a soluble particle immersed in the bulk phase. The generalized equations describe the dependence of the chemical potentials of a condensate and dissolved nanoparticle ...

The study of matter under pressures of several Mbar and compressed to several times solid density is of great interest to different interdisciplinary sciences. Many studies have been performed in relation to astrophysics phenomena and high-energy-density mater studies. As early as 1935 it was theoretically predicted that hydrogen at a pressure of 0.25 Mbar should experience a phase transition f...

measuring the performance of a production system has been an important task in management for purposes of control, planning, etc. lord kelvin said :“when you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meager and unsatisfactory kind.” hence, manageme...