Maribavir, an oral antiviral drug with activity against cytomegalovirus, is currently undergoing studies to assess its efficacy and safety as cytomegalovirus prophylaxis following stem cell or solid organ transplantation. The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of oral ketoconazole, a potent inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) isoenzyme, on the pharmacokinetics of m...

AIMS The aim of this cohort study was to estimate the risk of clinical acute liver injury among users of oral antifungals identified in the general population of the General Practice Research Database in UK. METHODS The cohort included 69 830 patients, 20-79 years old, free of liver and systemic disease, who had received at least one prescription for either oral fluconazole, griseofulvin, itr...

PURPOSE The parasiticide ivermectin and the antimicrobial drug ketoconazole are macrolides that interact with P-glycoprotein. We investigated the effects of ketoconazole at a clinical dose on the pharmacokinetics of ivermectin, a CYP3A substrate with low hepatic clearance. METHODS Beagle dogs received a single subcutaneous injection of ivermectin at 0.05 mg/kg alone (n=6) or in combination wi...

introduction: candidiasis, as an opportunistic infection, is caused by the candida species. although candida albicans is classified in the body as an endogenic flora, it plays an important role in creating candida related diseases. candida vulvovaginitis in pregnant women, diabetes mellitus patients and those using multiple antibiotics and contraceptive drugs demonstrates the high resistance of...

Leishmaniasis is a group of diseases caused by protozoa of Leishmania genus. The currently available treatments for this disease are expensive, present high toxicity and are associated to difficulties of healing and parasite resistance. Therefore, the development of strategies for leishmaniasis treatment is indispensable and includes reposition of existing drugs, as well as drug combination the...

The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and the pregnane X receptor (PXR) play a major part in the control of drug metabolism and transport. We have previously shown that PXR and CAR expression is controlled by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and proposed the existence of a signal transmission cascade GR-(PXR/CAR)-drug metabolizing and transporter systems. In the current study, we investiga...

OBJECTIVES Two open-label, two-period, crossover studies in healthy volunteers were designed to determine the pharmacokinetic interactions between ticagrelor, a P2Y12 receptor antagonist, and a moderate (diltiazem) and a strong (ketoconazole) cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A inhibitor. METHODS Seventeen volunteers received diltiazem (240 mg once daily) for 14 days. In the second study, ketoconazole (...

Background: Candida albicans, accounts for more than 75% of all Candidal infections. Apart from its growing prevalence, it is also one the most resistant strains against antifungal medication. Homoeopathy an alternative to allopathic medication and has shown inhibiting fungal growth. Objective: This study was determine effectiveness homoeopathic tinctures medications versus Ketoconazole in grow...

The growth-inhibitory effects of ketoconazole, an antifungal agent which inhibits arachidonic acid lipoxygenases and cytochrome P-450 enzymes, were tested in human colon and breast cancer cell lines. In the serum independent HT29-S-B6 colon cell clone, ketoconazole reduced cell proliferation and [3H]thymidine incorporation in a dose-dependent fashion, with a 50% inhibitory concentration of appr...

trans-Ketoconazole was identified and quantified as impurity of cis-ketoconazole, an antifungal compound, by capillary zone electrophoresis-electrospray-mass spectrometry (CZE-ESI-MS). The chirality of this impurity was demonstrated separating their enantiomers by adding heptakis-(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin to the separation buffer in capillary electrophoresis (CE) with UV detection....