Purpose: Plantar wounds represent a frequent practice of the plastic and reconstructive surgeon. The uniqueness high complexity microarchitecture biomechanics plantar region explain complex challenge its reconstruction. With advances in microsurgery, including subunit principle, both applied restoration defects through use sensorineural free flaps have allowed an optimal reconstruction.Methods:...

A clear and rigorous definition of muscle moment-arms in the context of musculoskeletal systems modelling is presented, using classical mechanics and screw theory. The definition provides an alternative to the tendon excursion method, which can lead to incorrect moment-arms if used inappropriately due to its dependency on the choice of joint coordinates. The definition of moment-arms, and the p...

Osteoclasts are responsible for bone destruction in degenerative, inflammatory and metastatic bone disorders. Although osteoclastogenesis has been well-characterized in mouse models, many questions remain regarding the regulation of osteoclast formation in human diseases. We examined the regulation of human precursors induced to differentiate and fuse into multinucleated osteoclasts by receptor...

Context. Atomic diffusion is believed to cause the abundance anomalies observed in AmFm stars. However, the detailed process has still not been well-established. For instance, two possible scenarios for the diffusion theory are presently envisaged. They differ mainly by the depth from which the abundance anomalies emanate. The first scenario predicts that the abundances are modified in the supe...

By embedding information technologies into tangible products a new class of products is created that we call smart products. Smart products use product information in product-centered communication with users. Communication of smart products is handled by dynamic product interfaces. We present a model for QA-based dynamic product interfaces and its implementation DyPI. It is based on a schema-d...