neuroinflammation as a protective mechanism for repairing tissue damage in the central nervous system (cns), has been classified into two types: acute and chronic. it is characterized by the activation of microglia and astrocytes and the increase levels of different chemokines and cytokines. neuroinflammation can be harmful, and it is a common pathological feature in neurodegenerative and psych...

introduction: cerebral vein thrombosis is a rare complication of nephrotic syndrome (ns).we report a known case of ns with hemorrhagic thrombosis. case report: a boy with previous history of ns was admitted with headache and decrease of level of consciousness and his brain images were revealed hemorrhagic thrombosis conclusions: cerebral vein thrombosis must be considered in patients with histo...

enhanced immune cell trafficking into the central nervous system (cns) and disruption of the blood brain barrier are pathophysiological hallmarks of neuroinflammatory disorders like multiple sclerosis (ms) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae). however, recent studies suggest that the coagulation and the contact-kinin system might also be involved in ms developme...

objective primary central nervous system lymphoma (pcnsl) is an extremely rare condition in childhood. we report the first case of pcnsl in a child in iran. clinical presentation a nine-year-old boy was referred to mofid hospital with the history of headache of four months and seizure of 2 months duration. magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a hyper-intense lesion in left fronto-pa...

abstract life-threatening infections caused by the encapsulated fungal pathogen cryptococcus neoformans have been increasing steadily over the past 10 years. cryptococcus neoformans is recognized as the most frequent fungal infection of the central nervous system (cns) in immunocompetent as well as immunocompromised patients. we report the development of a semi-nested- pcr-based assay for the d...