Abstract This paper applies a new approach to the identification of discourses, based on Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), study discourse variation over time. The MCA keywords deals with major issue use identify discourses: allocation individual multiple discourses. Yet, as this demonstrates, also allows us observe in prevalence discourses texts patterns keyword co-occurrence. Metadata c...

Authors are requested to select key words from the following list. You may use plurals and adjectives for combinations like absolute pupillary response, centrifugal optic nerve, inter blobs, etc. If key words are needed which do not appear in this list, please underline them. For animal classification the Latin nomenclature should be used. p-mechanism A-scan a-wave aberration absolute absorptio...

Abstract The aim of the paper is to investigate how retributivists should respond apparent tension between moral desert and proportionality in punishment. I argue that rather than attempting show term ‘proportionate punishment’ refers whatever penal treatment offender morally deserves, maintain two things: first, a punishment proportionate when it commensurate seriousness crime; second, offende...

We report a framed field experiment, in which we study the effectiveness of punishment and reward in sustaining cooperation in a social dilemma. Punishments tend to be directed at non-cooperators and rewards are assigned by those who are relatively cooperative. In contrast to the results typically found in laboratory experiments, however, we find that punishments and rewards fail to increase co...

It is no longer a question today that in many cases employees find themselves situation where either they or their environment believe have committed misdemeanor sin at work. The perception of can depend on number factors, such as the particular organizational culture, management, employee preferences, degree trust organization, and so on. There are we judge same differently, making severity ex...

Rewards and punishments (reinforcement) powerfully shape behavior. Accordingly, their neuronal representation is of significant interest, both for understanding normal brain-behavior relationships and the pathophysiology of disorders such as depression and addiction. A recent article by Vickery and colleagues (Neuron 72: 166-177, 2011) provides evidence that the neural response to rewards and p...