This study applies the gravity model to explore whether establishment and agreement of ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) have an impact on export increase rubber crude palm oil commodity trade for case member countries namely, Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand (IMT). The uses time-series data, first Indonesia using period 1996-2017 with trading partners as much 21 (CPO) 22 commodity. Secondly, CPO Malaysi...

One of the goals of the government is to increase the competitiveness of domestic firms to export goods and services. Moreover, the role of exports in many economic sectors has been emphasized. There are two essential requirements for developing non-oil exports: first, the presence of firms in export markets and increasing their competitiveness; second, the survival of them in international mar...

<em>Abundant natural resources become a great potential for the Indonesian agricultural sector if they are managed properly. A large contribution from is highly dependent on its superior commodities. However, liberal international trade creates real challenge leading commodities in to have high competitiveness, at least ASEAN region. This study aims analyze export competitiveness of Indon...

How globalization and international trade affect sustainable development and environment has attracted worldwide attention. Associated with the import and export of primary commodities, ecologically important materials have been exchanged among regions and countries. China, having the largest population in the world and the highest economic growth rate in last decades, may have an important inf...

oil prices may be having a direct and indirect effect through the exchange rate on the price of agricultural commodities. in this paper, the impact of world oil prices and exchange rate shocks on prices of specific agricultural commodities including wheat, corn, soybeans and sunflowers in iran is discussed. for this purpose, vector autoregressive model with monthly data over the period 2010-199...

a r t i c l e i n f o A large part of government revenues in Russia comes from royalties and export taxes on crude oil, oil products, and gas. Recently, the Russian government has considered reducing export taxes on crude oil and oil products compensated by an increase in the royalty on crude oil. The objective of the paper is to analyse the economy-wide effects of this proposal. Moreover, a hy...

The economic growth of a country is inseparable from the balance trade, mainly export and import activity. Globalization urges to actively socialize provide infrastructure facilities support productivity improve competitiveness in international market. Increasing commodity value affects trade reach surplus, increasing causes deficit. This study aims analyze Indonesia’s non-oil gas market concen...