We would like to thank Professors Charles Yuji Horioka (Osaka University) and Atsushi Seike (Keio University), Messrs. Takeshi Kimura (Bank of Japan, Policy Planning Office), Tomiyuki Kitamura (Bank of Japan, Financial Markets Department), and Toshitaka Sekine (Bank of Japan, Research and Statistics Department), participants at the seminars of the Kansai Institute for Social Economic Research a...