Most migration literature focuses on large scale movements of people across country borders, while the internal migration trends of countries are commonly neglected, despite the fact that the understanding of internal migration trends is crucial for planning the future for a country. In Iraq a major reason for migration has been security a direct result of its turbulent history since the 1980’s...

Cholera is a contagious acute diarrheal disease due to ingestion of contaminated water and food with Vibrio cholera, Gram-negative bacterium that naturally inhabits coastal estuarine ecosystems. Millions cholera cases thousands deaths are annually reported worldwide. endemic in Iraq every 3-5 years interval. Meanwhile, outbreaks have been reporting Kurdistan region. However, the epidemiology ha...

Media economics in general and financial resources of media organizations particular is one the most recent economic science research topics areas economics. In particular, after development tools, production, message formulation market, rise expense Kurdistan Region Iraq, increase audience’s demands led to search for more maintain develop their position competitive market profit through produc...

BACKGROUND Understanding women's perspectives of female genital cutting is particularly critical for understanding the roots of the problem and enhancing effectiveness of any prevention program. Very limited research has examined how people in Iraqi Kurdistan Region think about this practice. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of women of female genital cutting with the aim of uncover...

A study was conducted on the first comprehensive survey of vascular plants in Makok Mountain. Surveyed Area located northwest Sulaymaniyah governorate Iraqi Kurdistan Region, botanical physiographic mountain Rowanduz district, as a part forest region. area is situated about 120 km North city. The period Field work were from spring 2021 to 2022. Over 2000 plant taxa collected. As results, 351 65...

The importance in the economy of media is to know market so that institutions can access financial opportunities this market, find sources funding revenue and work on them, first step working these was realize procedures develop those sources. study collected data through a special form distributed among Kurdistan Region, where filled out by directors officials departments centers institutions....