background: consumption of energy drinks has become widespread among athletes. the effectiveness of red bull and hype energy drinks on selected indices of maximal cardiorespiratory fitness and blood lactate levels in male athletes was examined in this study. methods: ten male student athletes (age: 22.4 ± 2.1 years, height: 180.8 ± 7.7 cm, weight: 74.2 ± 8.5 kg) performed three randomized maxim...

background and aim: in skeletal muscle, carnitine plays an essential role in the translocation of long-chain fatty-acids into the mitochondrial matrix for subsequent beta-oxidation. despite an abundance of literature describing the basic mechanisms of action of l-carnitine metabolism, there remains some uncertainty regarding the effects of oral l-carnitine supplementation on metabolism and exer...

abstract objective removing plasma from the platelet concentrate (pc) medium could be an effective way to increase the safety of this product. the goal of this study was to compare pc stored in plasma or in an additive solution (composol) with in vitro testing. materials and methods fifty-four single donor pcs were prepared from iranian blood transfusion organization (ibto). each pc unit was di...

Intense swimming causes circulatory lactate accumulation in rainbow trout because lactate disposal (Rd) is not stimulated as strongly as lactate appearance (Ra). This mismatch suggests that maximal Rd is limited by tissue capacity to metabolize lactate. This study uses exogenous lactate to investigate what constrains maximal Rd and minimal Ra. Our goals were to determine how exogenous lactate a...

A lactate clamp method has been developed to quantify the whole body lactate utilization in conscious, unstressed rats. Dichloroacetate (DCA), a known lactate utilization enhancer, was used to validate the method. Fasting blood lactate concentrations before the clamps were identical for DCA-treated (1 mmol/kg) and control groups (1.65 ± 0.37 vs. 1.65 ± 0.19 mM). The animals received a primed co...

objective(s): many cancer cells show significant resistance to drugs that kill drug sensitive cancer cells and non-tumor cells and such resistance might be a consequence of the difference in metabolism. therefore, studying the metabolism of drug resistant cancer cells and comparison with drug sensitive and normal cell lines is the objective of this research. material and methods:metabolism of c...