introduction: gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (gnih) is believed to be an inhibitor of gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) secretion. the role of gnih in lactational inhibition of gonadotropin secretion is not well known therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of lactation on expression of gnih in these nuclei of lactating and non-lactating rats. methods: ten postpa...

Leptin suppresses food intake and increases energy expenditure in the hypothalamus. Rats consume most of their daily food intake during the dark phase of the diurnal cycle. Lactating rats have increased food intake, but the involvement of leptin in the regulation of food intake in this physiological condition is not well understood. The present experiment was carried out to determine the circad...

A rare case of squamous cell carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma in maxillary sinus is presented. The patient is a 50-year-old woman presenting with a slow-progressive swelling in left side of her face that she has noticed 2 years earlier. The lesion was not painful and caused asymmetry and mild exophthalmos. Microscopic examination revealed that the tumor was composed of two components partly of ...

Ultrasound imaging has been used extensively to detect abnormalities of the non-lactating breast. In contrast, the use of ultrasound for the investigation of pathology of the lactating breast is limited. Recent studies have re-examined the anatomy of the lactating breast highlighting features unique to this phase of breast development. These features should be taken into consideration along wit...

abstract parathyroid adenoma is a benign tumor of the parathyroid glands. the cause of most parathyroid adenomas is unknown. parathyroid adenoma increases the secretion of parathyroid hormone and results in primary hyperparathyroidism. high amounts of parathyroid hormone in the blood cause the imbalance of calcium, which leads to various complications such as kidney stones, depression, lethargy...

AbstractParathyroid adenoma is a benign tumor of the parathyroid glands. The cause of most parathyroid adenomas is unknown. Parathyroid adenoma increases the secretion of parathyroid hormone and results in primary hyperparathyroidism. High amounts of parathyroid hormone in the blood cause the imbalance of calcium, which leads to various complications such as kidney stones, depression, lethargy,...

introduction: the purpose of this study is to assess the integrated role of scintigraphy by tc99m mibi in diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma and its impacts on the myocardium, and to evaluate whether myocardium perfusion gated spect study could be a complementary routine workup for patient with positive parathyroid adenoma on tc99m mibi parathyroid scan. methods: rest myocardium perfusion gated s...

A 19-year-old girl referred to our clinic complaining of a painless lump on the left side of her tongue.  The patient had no history of dysphagia, lingual paresthesia or bleeding. Physical examination revealed the presence of multiple enlarged lymph nodes on the left side of her neck.  Histopathology of lingual mass and lymph nodes showed pleomorphic adenoma.  To our knowledge, this is the firs...

In several mammalian species, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and behavioral responses to stressors are down-regulated in lactating females, possibly preventing stress-induced disruptions of maternal care. Experimental elevations of HPA axis hormones have been found to inhibit maternal behavior in lactating common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus), raising the question of whether lacta...