Spatial heterogeneity, in the wide sense of pattern complexity and variability, appears to be one of the dominant causes of ecological functions and processes. The most widely used quantification of heterogeneity in environmental studies is based on 10 derived Shannon information theory indices. Yet, such heterogeneity index is not able to quantify the surface patterns of a landscape with a ful...

Identifying and assessing the relative effects of the numerous determinants of malaria transmission, at different spatial scales and resolutions, is of primary importance in defining control strategies and reaching the goal of the elimination of malaria. In this context, based on a knowledge-based model, a normalized landscape-based hazard index (NLHI) was established at a local scale, using a ...

INTRODUCTION Dynamics of most of vector-borne diseases are strongly linked to global and local environmental changes. Landscape changes are indicators of human activities or natural processes that are likely to modify the ecology of the diseases. Here, a landscape approach developed at a local scale is proposed for extracting mosquito favourable biotopes, and for testing ecological parameters w...

Understanding the relationship between landscape pattern and ecological processes constitutes the foundation of landscape ecology. Generally, a set of landscape metrics is derived from land cover maps, and subsequently related with a measured ecological response by statistical methods to assess their prediction power. Here, I reviewed several concepts regarding these pattern-process interaction...

The brain map project aims to map out the neuron connections of the human brain. Even with all of the wirings mapped out, the global and physical understandings of the function and behavior are still challenging. Hopfield quantified the learning and memory process of symmetrically connected neural networks globally through equilibrium energy. The energy basins of attractions represent memories,...

Spatially explicit population models are becoming increasingly useful tools for population ecologists, conservation biologists, and land managers. Models are spatially explicit when they combine a population simulator with a landscape map that describes the spatial distribution of landscape features. With this map, the locations of habitat patches, individuals, and other items of interest are e...

Wheat Triticum aestivum L. is one of the most important agricultural products, and meets highest nutritional needs humans in various countries. This study aims to evaluate compatibility stability 25 wheat genotypes for two crop years five regions (Karaj, Qazvin, Isfahan, Varamin Damavand) a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results variance analysis additive main eff...

Urban change analysis has traditionally been supported through land use/cover classification and map-to-map comparison. In this research, we investigate the usefulness of satellitederived imperviousness index as an alternative for urban spatial growth characterization. The study area, Pensacola, FL, has witnessed considerable growth in population and regional economies during the past decade. T...