The partial real line is the continuous domain of compact real intervals ordered by reverse inclusion. The idea is that singleton intervals represent total real numbers, and that the remaining intervals represent partial real numbers. The partial real line has been used to model exact real number computation in the framework of the programming language Real PCF. We introduce induction principle...

In this paper, we incorporate a representation of the non-negative extended real numbers based on the composition of linear fractional transformations with non-negative integer coeecients into the Programming Language for Computable Functions (PCF) with products. We present two models for the extended language and show that they are computationally adequate with respect to the operational seman...

The syntactic complexity of a regular language is the cardinality of its syntactic semigroup. The syntactic complexity of a subclass of the class of regular languages is the maximal syntactic complexity of languages in that class, taken as a function of the state complexity n of these languages. We study the syntactic complexity of Rand J -trivial regular languages, and prove that n! and ⌊e(n −...

This study focuses on the concept of leadership. It aims to explain the relationship between language and leadership. In this theoretical essay, firstly, the concept of leadership is discussed and then the relationship between semiotics, language, and discourse is described. Taking the obtained theoretical frame as a base, the function of language as a sign of leadership is studied within the f...

One important function of language is to name relations. Preschool children performed a simple mapping task with and without hearing spatial prepositions calling attention to key relations. Children at 44 months were successful only if they were in the language condition. By 49 months, children were competent on the task regardless of condition, although there were still benefits of language. T...

This paper explores a variety of different versions of the thesis that natural language is involved in human thinking. It distinguishes amongst strong and weak forms of this thesis, dismissing some as implausibly strong and others as uninterestingly weak. Strong forms dismissed include the view that language is conceptually necessary for thought (endorsed by many philosophers) and the view that...

We introduce a typed lambda calculus in which real numbers, real functions, and in particular continuously differentiable and more generally Lipschitz functions can be defined. Given an expression representing a real-valued function of a real variable in this calculus, we are able to evaluate the expression on an argument but also evaluate the generalised derivative, i.e., the L-derivative, equ...

RDF data are usually accessed using one of two methods: either, graphs are rendered in forms perceivable by human users (e.g., in tabular or in graphical form), which are difficult to handle for large data sets. Alternatively, query languages like SPARQL provide means to express information needs in structured form; hence they are targeted towards developers and experts. Inspired by the concept...

By Augusta F. Bronner, Fh.D. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1917. Pp. viii ?+? ^t>y. Dr. Bronner opens her preface with an amazing statement. She says* nowhere else have special defects been outlined and nowhere can one find even enumeration of the types of variation that are practically important." Leaving out of account the enormous literature on special defects of the language function aphas...